Business Analysis of Peak Garage Doors Inc Essay example -- Business

Business Analysis of Peak Garage Doors Inc INTRODUCTIONPeak Garage Door Inc. has set a goal to increase their gross gross revenue for 2004. Garage door industry is expecting a growth of 2.4% while the management of Peak is looking to increase conjunctions sales 26.4%. The company soon has 50 exclusive dealers and 300 non-exclusive dealers. Management has three proposals in front of them. The first suggestion is to increase the number dealers in their existing markets. The second testimony is to develop an exclusive franchise agreement with existing non-exclusive dealers. The third recommendation is to decrease the number of dealers and focus companys resources on increasing represent for the existing dealers. Of course there is an woof for them to leave everything as it is. My suggestion is to go with the second recommendation due to the fact that exclusive dealers produced 70% of companys sales and non-exclusive dealers contributed only 30%. In order for Peak Garage Doors Inc. to reach their sales goal for 04 they will have to gain more than exclusive dealers since they contribute much more profit to the company. THE INDUSTRYThe residential garage door industry sales for 2003 were $2 billion 90% ($1.8 billion) of these sales were steel doors, the type of door the Peak specializes in. Projected industry sales for 04 were $2.05 billion, representing 2... ...Net Sales$8,452,518.40Cost of Goods Sold$6,900,000.00Gross Profit$1,552,518.40 Selling, General and Admin get down$1,600,000.00Net Profits Before Taxes-$47,481.60Choosing option 3 would lead to a loss.Option four is to do nothing. This would mean that everything would stay the same, and Peak could expect a 2.4% increase in sales.INCOME STATEMENT 2004 Net Sales$9,420,800.00Cost of Goods Sold$6,900,000.00Gross Profit$2,520,800.00 Selling, General and Admin Expense$1,840,000.00Net Profits Before Taxes$680,800.00 destinationAccording to the calculations, it will be impossible for the company to reach the sales goal of 12.5 million regardless of which option they choose. However the best outcome is with the option number two which is to develop an exclusive franchise agreement with existing non-exclusive dealers.

How Is Being An American Related To Young Goodman Brown? :: Free Essay Writer

Young Goodman browned and Endicott and the Red Cross and two short stories that, I believe, be in possession of many subliminal messages. The author of both, Nathanial Hawthorne, uses symbolism many a time to bring across these messages along with his personal beliefs of life, and the people of the 17th century. Religion is the reason of both stories. Both men go against religion. So what is an American? Not necessarily someone that goes against religion, but stands up for their rights, for what they want.The biggest symbol in Young Goodman Brown is the idea of faith. Before he goes on his errand, he is talking to his wife, promising he will come back, but in actuality he is talking to his faith, as in religion. He subconsciously knows he is going against his faith on this errand, but will return. My love and my Faith, replied young Goodman Brown, of all nighttimes in the year, this one night must I tarry away from thee. My journey, as thou callest it, forth and back again When Brown says later in the story I am losing my Faith, he is not only about his wife, (which is shown through her pink ribbon in the tree), but more about his religion, which is flashing before his eyes. This errand was a test of Goodman Browns faith. When Brown hears people singing hymns in swears, it is a symbol of the corruption of the church. The name Goodman Brown I think is real ironic. Is he a good man after this errand?The sword in Endicott and the Red Cross is a symbol of the ideas of the Puritans. When Endicott thrust his sword through the flag, he was using their new idea to get rid of those of the English. When he pointed at people with the sword when he was talking, he was referring to his beliefs. But Endicott, in the excitement of the moment, shake his sword wrathfully at the culprit This is showing how he put his ideas in the face of Williams and the English. The Red Cross represents the English power and religious ideas laboured upon the citizens of the colonies. Whe n Endicott cut the red cross out of the flag, he was ridding his people of the English power. This was going against religion, a common theme among Hawthornes writings.What is an American? After learning these two passages, I would have to say that we are a people that religion is not really a big thing.

Victim in Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles Essay -- Tess dUrbervil

Victim in Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles Tess Durbeyfield is a victim of external and uncomprehended forces. Passive and yielding, unsuspicious and fundamentally pure, she suffers a weakness of will and reason, struggling against a fate that is too strong for her. Tess is the easiest victim of circumstance, society and male idealism, who fights the hardest fight yet is destroyed by her ravage self-destructive sense of guilt, life denial and the cruelty of two men. It is primarily the death of the horse, Prince, the Durbeyfields main source of livelihood, that commences the web of circumstance that envelops Tess. Tess views herself as the pee of her families economic downfall, however she also believes that she is parallel to a murderess. The imagery at this point in the novel shows how distraught and guilt ridden Tess is as she places her hand upon Princes wound in a futile attempt to prevent the blood loss that cannot be prevented. This imagery is equivalent to a photograph ic proof - a lead-up to the events that will shape Tesss life and the inevitable evil that also, like the crimson blood that spouts from Princes wound, cannot be stopped. The symbolic fact that Tess perceives herself to be similar to a murderess is an insight into the murder that she will eventually commit and is also a reference to the level of guilt that now consumes her. Nobody blamed Tess as she blamed herself... she regarded herself in the light of a murderess. Her parents, aware of her beauty, view Tess as an opportunity for future wealth and coupled with the unfortunate circumstance of Princes death inhale Tess to... ...ill and reason are undermined by her sensuality. Tess herself sums up her own blighted life best Once a victim, always a victim - thats the law kit and caboodle Cited Casagrande, Peter J. Tess of the dUrbervilles Unorthodox Beauty. spic-and-span York Twayne, 1992. Claridge, Laura. Tess A Less Than Pure Woman Ambivalently Presented. Texas Studies in L iterature and Language 28 (1986) 324-38. Hall, Donald. Afterward. Tess of the dUrbervilles. By Thomas Hardy. New York Signet, 1980. 417-27. Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the dUrbervilles. 1891. New York Signet Classic, 1980. McMurtry, Jo. Victorian Life and Victorian Fiction. Hamden Shoe String, 1979. Mickelson, Anne Z. Thomas Hardys Women and Men The Defeat of Nature. Metuchen Scarecrow, 1976. Weissman, Judith. Half Savage and Hardy and Free. Middletown Wesleyan UP, 1987.

Understanding Gender Roles in School-Smart and Mother-Wise Essay

Understanding Gender Roles in Wendy Luttrells School-Smart and Mother-Wise I had went so far I just got tired. I had got to the place where I didnt care if I intentional anything or not (59). This quote expresses quite plainly but strongly what umteen of the women in Wendy Luttrells School-Smart and Mother-Wise felt in regards to their educational experience. Though Lilly put the notion into words, any number of these women probably had the same feelings concerning their school-age years. This paper will focus on Chapter 5 from that book, Storied Selves and School Mission. I believe that many of the strongly established gender roles we have in society today are predominantly socialized and implanted in the impressionable minds of youth in school. Through examples from the book, as well as my own personal anecdotes, this paper will examine how schools institutionalize these gender roles how this affects the self-concept that students (especially female students) have and what we, as a society, have learned from this. Luttrells study consisted of interviewing working class women who had decided to return back to school in their middle-aged years. She conducted the study with two groups, one from inelegant North Carolina, and one from urban Philadelphia. While there were many differences in the two groups sentiments on many aspects of school, not one of the women she interviewed said they felt well-heeled in school. Many of the women attributed this to class differences between them and their teachers, and these class differences very often involved geographic distinctions. For the Philadelphia women, it was an suburban-urban (55) expose, and for the women from North Carolina it was an urban-rural (55) issue. These c... ...implement. In my opinion, gender stratification in society-at-large is the issue at hand, not the mirroring of that in the school system. But, ultimately, the discussion of gender stratification in society, or the reflection of that str atification in the schools is a chicken or egg question. I think that an entire overhaul of the school system and curricula is necessary to help the schools emerge from the 1960s (which was the last time much of the curricula was seriously revised, including my senior high school school in Baton Rouge) and into the 21st century. This rethinking would take out hidden assumptions about gender and place boys and girls on a more even primer coat in an academic setting. This egalitarian classroom would then be translated into the society-at-large and we would finally become a society in which gender equality is not moreover talked about, but actually exists.

Paul Strand :: essays research papers

Key Figures1.1936 Strand joined with Berenice Abbot to establish the Photo League in modern York2.Strand was the first photographer to acheive a really decisive break with pictorialism and apply some of the lessons of the new modern art to photography.3.Paul Strand was innate(p) in New York and attended the Ethical Culture School where his teacher was Lewis Hine.4.Strands later work moved toward a documentary approach, attempting to encapsulate a judgment a place and its people in a body of work, published in book form. The approximately successful of these dealth with rural communities such as the Hebridean Islands or a village in the Italian South.5.Strands work was published in the last two issues of Camera Work and the pictures marked a round point for photography.Laslo Moholy-Nagy1.Teacher at the Bauhaus School in Germany.2.Establishes the New Bauhaus at the Chicago Institute of Design.3.Used straight photography and photomontage.4.Disorienting Images.5.Experimented with st age figure and photography. gentlemans gentleman Ray1.Surrealist2.Made dreamlike images 3.His revolutionary nude studies, fashion work, and portraits opened a new chapter in the history of photography.4.he was enthusiastically welcomed into Dadaist and Surrealist circles5.Man Ray experimented tirelessly with new photographic techniques, multiple exposure, rayography, and solarization being some of his most famous.John Heartfield1.Original name Helmut Herzfeld2.German Dadaist.3.Pushed the idea of utilise massprinted source material by inventing the photomontage.4.practice social criticism 5.Wasnt allowed to express himself in Germany during Hitlers time.Aleksandr Rodchenko1.Aimed to make the familiar strange.2.Wanted to challenge or provoke the viewer.3.Valued technology4.Style close ups, unusual vantage points, tilted his camera.5.Was born in Russia.Edward Weston1.Photographing natural landscapes and forms such as peppers, shells, and rocks, using large-format cameras and ready( prenominal) light2.produced sensuously precise images raised to the level of poetry.3.He became successful working in a soft-focus, Pictorial style, winning many salon and superior awards.4.By 1920 he was experimenting with semi-abstractions in a hard-edged style.5.own portrait studio between 1911 and 1922 in Tropico, California.Eugene Atget1.first of photographys social documenters2.His images of Paris are perhaps the most vivid record of a city ever made.3.sold 2500 negatives relating to the history of Paris, a large portion of the work he had been accumulating for two deca stilbesterol, to the Caisse National des Monuments Historiques.4.some of his photographs were in the magazine La revolution surrealste.

Paul Strand :: essays research papers

Key Figures1.1936 margin joined with Berenice Abbot to establish the Photo League in New York2.Strand was the first photographer to acheive a really decisive break with pictorialism and apply nearly of the lessons of the new modern art to photography.3.Paul Strand was born in New York and attended the Ethical Culture School where his teacher was Lewis Hine.4.Strands later work moved toward a documentary approach, attempting to encapsulate a feeling a place and its people in a body of work, published in book form. The most successful of these dealth with rural communities such as the Hebridean Islands or a village in the Italian South.5.Strands work was published in the last two issues of Camera Work and the pictures marked a turning academic degree for photography.Laslo Moholy-Nagy1.Teacher at the Bauhaus School in Germany.2.Establishes the New Bauhaus at the Chicago Institute of Design.3.Used straight photography and photomontage.4.Disorienting Images.5.Experimented with stage d esign and photography. reality give off1.Surrealist2.Made dreamlike images 3.His revolutionary nude studies, fashion work, and portraits opened a new chapter in the history of photography.4.he was enthusiastically welcomed into Dadaist and Surrealist circles5.Man Ray experimented tirelessly with new photographic techniques, multiple exposure, rayography, and solarization being some of his most famous.John Heartfield1.Original name Helmut Herzfeld2.German Dadaist.3.Pushed the idea of using massprinted first material by inventing the photomontage.4.practice social criticism 5.Wasnt allowed to express himself in Germany during Hitlers time.Aleksandr Rodchenko1.Aimed to make the familiar strange.2.Wanted to challenge or open fire the viewer.3.Valued technology4.Style close ups, unusual vantage points, tilted his camera.5.Was born in Russia.Edward Weston1.Photographing natural landscapes and forms such as peppers, shells, and rocks, using large-format cameras and available fall2.pro duced sensuously precise images raised to the level of poetry.3.He became successful working in a soft-focus, Pictorial style, winning many salon and professional awards.4.By 1920 he was experimenting with semi-abstractions in a hard-edged style.5.own portrait studio between 1911 and 1922 in Tropico, California.Eugene Atget1.first of photographys social documenters2.His images of Paris are perhaps the most pictorial record of a city ever made.3.sold 2500 negatives relating to the history of Paris, a large portion of the work he had been accumulating for two decades, to the Caisse National des Monuments Historiques.4.some of his photographs were in the magazine La revolution surrealste.

Cystic Fibrosis

- Introduction Cystic fibrosis( as well as c each(prenominal)edCFormucoviscidosis) is anautosomal recessionaryfamilial disorderthat affects most critically thelungs, and also thepancreas,liver, andintestine. It is characterized by deviant transport ofchlorideandsodiumacross anepithelium, jumper breaking wind to recondite, viscous secretions. The namerefers to the characteristicscarring(fibrosis) and cystformation within thepancreas that was starting line recognised in the 1930s.Difficulty in breathingis the most solid symptom and results from frequentlung infectionswhich atomic number 18 treated withantibiotics, therapies and several other(a) medications. former(a)symptoms, includingsinus infections,poor promoteth, andin cornucopia affect other parts of the body. A breathing discourse for cystic fibrosis, using a mask nebulizer and a ThAIRapy Vest A breathing treatment for cystic fibrosis, using a mask nebulizer and a ThAIRapy Vest CF is lay subdued by a transitionin the factorfor theproteincystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator(CFTR).This protein is required to regulate the comp iodinnts of diaphoresis,digestivejuices, andmucus. CFTR regulates the execution ofchlorideandsodium ions across epithelial membranes, such(prenominal) as the alveolar epithelia located in thelungs. Although most people without CF kick in devil working copies of the CFTR factor, only one is needed to prevent cystic fibrosis due to the disorders recessive nature. CF fixs when incomplete ingredient works roughhewnly (as a result of mutation) and at that office stafffore hasautosomal recessiveinheritance.CF is most vernacular amongCaucasians one in 25 people of European descentcarries oneallelefor CF. TheWorld Health Organizationstates that In the European Union, 1 in 20003000 new-innate(p)s is found to be affected by CF. Individuals with cystic fibrosis can be diagnosed before birth by agenttic testing or by asweat testin early childhood. Ultimate ly,lung transplantationis frequently necessary as CF worsens. - Signs and symptomsThe hallmark symptoms of cystic fibrosis ar salty tasting skin,poor growth and poor exercising weight gain despite a normal food intake,accumulation of thick, sticky mucus, frequent chest infections, and coughing or shortness of breath. Signs and symptoms very much appear in infancy and childhood, such asbowel movement obstructionin new-born babies. As the children grow, they mustiness exercise to release the mucus present in the alveoli. roughepithelial cells presentin the patient of progress to a mutated protein that leads to abnormally viscous mucus production.The poor growth in children typically presents as an softness to gain weight or height at the same rate as their peers and is occasionally not diagnosed until investigation is initiated for poor growth. The arrests of growth failure be multifactorial and intromit continuing lung infection, poor absorption of nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract, and profitd metabolic demand due to inveterate sickness. In rargon cases, cystic fibrosis can manifest itself as a coagulation disorder. A double recessive allele is needed for cystic fibrosis to be app arent.Young children are especially tender to vitaminmalabsorptive disorders because only a very small amount of vitamin K crosses the placenta, leaving the child with very low reserves. Because factors II, VII, IX, and X (clotting factors) are vitamin Kdependent, low takes of vitamin K can result in coagulation problems. Consequently, when a child presents with unexplained bruising, a coagulation evaluation may be warranted to g everywheren whether in that respect is an profound disease. Lungs and sinuses Lung disease results from clogging of the airways due to mucus build-up, decreasedmucociliary clearance, and resulting ardor.Inflammation and infection cause injury and structural dislodges to the lungs, jumper cable to a variety of symptoms. In th e early stages, continual incessant coughing along with copiousphlegmproduction, and decreased ability to exercise are common. Many of these symptoms occur whenbacteria that normally inhabit the thick mucus grow out of control and cause pneumonia. In later stages, changes in the architecture of the lung, such as pathology in the major airways (bronchiectasis), further alter difficulties in breathing. otherwise symptoms include coughing up blood (hemoptysis), highblood drawin the lung (pulmonary hypertension), shopping center failure, difficulties getting affluentoxygen to the body (hypoxia), and respiratory failure requiring support with breathing masks, such asbi-level positive airway pressuremachines orventilators. Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, andPseudomonas aeruginosaare the three most common electronic organisms cause lung infections in CF patients. In addition to typical bacterial infections, people with CF more than commonly develop other qualitys of lung disease.Among these isallergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, in which the bodys response to the commonfungusAspergillus fumigatuscauses worsening of breathing problems. Another is infection with Mycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC), a group of bacteria related to resistancerculosis, which can cause a lot of lung prostitute and does not respond to common antibiotics. Mucus in theparanasal sinusesis equally thick and may also cause obstacle of the sinus passages, leading to infection. This may cause facial pain, fever, nasal drainage, andheadaches.Individuals with CF may develop overgrowth of the nasal tissue (nasal polyps) due to inflammation from degenerative sinus infections. Recurrent sinonasal polyps can occur in as many as 10% to 25% of CF patients. These polyps can block the nasal passages and increase breathing difficulties. Cardiorespiratory ramifications are the most common cause of last (80%) in patients at most CF centers in the unify States. gastrointestinal Prio r to prenatal andnewborn screening, cystic fibrosis was often diagnosed when a newborn infant failed to pass feces (meconium).Meconium may completely block theintestinesand cause serious illness. This condition, calledmeconium ileus, occurs in 510%of newborns with CF. In addition, protrusion of internalrectalmembranes (rectal prolapse) is more common, occurring in as many as 10% of children with CF, and it is ca employ by increased fecal volume, malnutrition, andpressure due to coughing. The thick mucus seen in the lungs has a counterpart in inspissate secretions from thepancreas, an organ responsible for providing digestivethat armed service break down food.These secretions block theexocrinemovement of the digestive enzymes into theduodenum and result in irreversible damage to the pancreas, often with painful inflammation (pancreatitis). Thepancreatic ductsare totally plugged in more advanced cases, commonly seen in older children or adolescents. This causes atrophy of the exocr ine glands and progressive fibrosis. The lack of digestive enzymes leads to obstruction absorbing nutrients with their subsequent excretion in the feces, a disorder known as malabsorption. Malabsorption leads tomalnutritionand poor growth and evelopment because of calorie loss. Resultant hypoproteinemiamay be loathsome enough to cause generalized edema. Individuals with CF also soak up difficulties absorbing the fat-soluble vitaminsA,D,E, andK. In addition to the pancreas problems, people with cystic fibrosis experience moreheartburn, intestinal obstructor byintussusception, and constipation. Older individuals with CF may developdistal intestinal obstruction syndromewhen thickened feces cause intestinal blockage. Exocrine pancreatic inadequacy occurs in the majority (85% to 90%) of patients with CF.It is mainly associated with puckish CFTR mutations, where twain alleles are completely non affaireal (e. g. ?F508/? F508). It occurs in 10% to 15% of patients with one severe and one mild CFTR mutation where there still is a little CFTR activity, or where there are two mild CFTR mutations. In these milder cases, there is still able pancreatic exocrine function so that enzyme supplementation is not required. There are usually no other GI complications in pancreas-sufficient phenotypes, and in general, such individuals usually have excellent growth and development.Despite this, idiopathicchronic pancreatitiscan occur in a subset of pancreas-sufficient individuals with CF, and is associated with recurrent abdominal pain and life-threatening complications. alter secretions also may cause liver problems in patients with CF. Bilesecreted by the liver to aid in digestion may block thebile ducts, leading to liver damage. Over time, this can lead to scarring and nodularity (cirrhosis). The liver fails to rid the blood of toxins and does not make importantproteins, such as those responsible forblood clotting. liver-colored disease is the third most common cause of d eath associated with cystic fibrosis.Endocrine Clubbing in the fingers of a person with cystic fibrosis Clubbing in the fingers of a person with cystic fibrosis Thepancreascontains theislets of Langerhans, which are responsible for making insulin, a hormone that helps regulate bloodglucose. Damage of the pancreas can lead to loss of the isletcells, leading to a type of diabetes that is unique to those with the disease. This cystic fibrosis-related diabetes(CFRD) shares characteristics that can be found intype 1andtype 2diabetics, and is one of the principal non-pulmonary complications of CF.Vitamin D is twisting incalciumandphosphateregulation. Poor uptake of vitamin D from the diet because of malabsorption can lead to the bone diseaseosteoporosisin which weakened bones are more susceptible tofractures. In addition, people with CF often develop clubbingof their fingers and toes due to the effects of chronic illness andlow oxygenin their tissues. Infertility Infertilityaffects twai n men and women. At least 97% of men with cystic fibrosis are infertile, but not sterile and can have children with assisted reproductive techniques.The main cause of infertility in men with cystic fibrosis is congenital absence of the vas deferens(which normally connects thetestesto theejaculatory ductsof thepenis), but potentially also by other mechanisms such as causingazoospermia,teratospermiaandoligoasthenospermia. Many men found to have congenital absence of the vas deferens during evaluation for infertility have a mild, previously undiagnosed form of CF. Some women have fertility difficulties due to thickened cervical mucus or malnutrition. In severe cases, malnutrition disruptsovulationand causesamenorrhea. Cause CF is ca apply by amutationin thegenecystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator(CFTR). The most common mutation,? F508, is a deletion (? signifying deletion) of three nucleotidesthat results in a loss of the amino acidphenylalanine(F) at the 508th positio n on the protein. This mutation accounts for two-thirds (6670%) of CF cases worldwide and 90% of cases in theUnited States however, there are over 1500 other mutations that can produce CF.Although most people have two working copies (alleles) of the CFTR gene, only one is needed to prevent cystic fibrosis. CF develops when neither allele can produce a functional CFTR protein. Thus, CF is considered anautosomal recessive disease. TheCFTR gene, found at the q31. 2locusofchromosome 7, is 230,000 habitation pairslong, and creates a protein that is 1,480amino acidslong. More specifically the location is between base pair 117,120,016 to 117,308,718 on the long arm of chromosome 7, region 3, band 1 and sub-band 2, stand for as 7q31. . Structurally, CFTR is a type of gene known as anABC gene. The product of this gene (the CFTR) is a chloride ion channel important in creating sweat,digestivejuices andmucus. This protein possesses twoATP-hydrolyzingdomains, which allows the protein to use zi pin the form ofATP. It also contains two domains comprising 6alpha helicesapiece, which allow the protein to cross the cell membrane. A regulatorybinding aimon the protein allows activation byphosphorylation, mainly bycAMP-dependent protein kinase.Thecarboxyl terminalof the protein is anchored to thecytoskeletonby aPDZdomain interaction. In addition, there is increasing evidence thatgenetic modifiersbesides CFTR modulate the frequency and severity of the disease. One example ismannan-binding lectin, which is involved ininnate immunityby facilitatingphagocytosisof microorganisms. Polymorphisms in one or both mannan-binding lectin alleles that result in lower circulating levels of the protein are associated with a threefold higher risk of end-stage lung disease, as well as an increased burden of chronic bacterial infections. Pathophysiology Molecular structure of the CFTR protein Molecular structure of the CFTR protein There are several mutations in theCFTRgene, and polar mutations cause different flees in the CFTR protein, sometimes causing a milder or more severe disease. These protein defects are also targets for drugs which can sometimes restore their function. ?F508-CFTR, which occurs in 90% of patients in the U. S. , creates a protein that does notfoldnormally and is degraded by the cell.Other mutations result in proteins that are too short (truncated) becauseproductionis ended previous(p)ly. Other mutations produce proteins that do not use energy normally, do not allowchloride iodideandthiocyanateto cross the membrane appropriately,or are degraded at a faster rate than normal. Mutations may also lead to someer copies of the CFTR protein being produced. The protein created by this gene is anchored to theouter membrane ofcellsin thesweat glands, lungs, pancreas, and all other retaining exocrine glands in the body.The protein spans this membrane and acts as achannelconnecting the inner part of the cell (cytoplasm) to thesurrounding fluid. This channel is primarily responsible for controlling the movement of halogens from inside to outside of the cell however, in the sweat ducts it facilitates the movement of chloride from the sweat into the cytoplasm. When the CFTR protein does not work, chloride and thiocyanateare trapped inside the cells in the airway and outside in the skin. Thenhypothiocyanite, OSCN, cannot be produced by resistive defense establishment.Because chloride isnegatively charged, this creates a difference in the electrical potential inside and outside the cell causingcationsto cross into the cell. Sodium is the most common cation in the extracellular space and the combination of sodium and chloride creates thesalt, which is lost in high amounts in the sweat of individuals with CF. This lost salt forms the basis for the sweat test. Most of the damage in CF is due to blockage of the narrow passages of affected organs with thickened secretions.These blockages lead to remodeling and infection in the lung, damage by accumulated digestive enzymes in the pancreas, blockage of the intestines by thick faeces, etc. There are several theories on how the defects in the protein and cellular function cause the clinical effects. One theory is that the lack of halogen and pseudohalogen (mainly, chloride, iodide and thiocyanate) exiting through the CFTR protein leads to the accumulation of more viscous, nutrient-rich mucus in the lungs that allows bacteria to hide from the bodysimmune system.Another theory is that the CFTR protein failure leads to a paradoxical increase in sodium and chloride uptake, which, by leading to increased water reabsorption, creates dehydrated and thick mucus. Yet another theory is that abnormal chloride movementoutof the cell leads to dehydration of mucus, pancreatic secretions, biliary secretions, etc. Chronic infections The lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis are annex and infected by bacteria from an early age. These bacteria, which often spread among individuals with C F, thrive in the altered mucus, which collects in the small airways of the lungs.This mucus leads to the formation of bacterial microenvironments known as biofilms that are difficult for immune cells and antibiotics to penetrate. gluey secretions and persistent respiratory infections repeatedly damage the lung by gradually remodeling the airways, which makes infection even more difficult to eradicate. Over time, both the types of bacteria and their individual characteristics change in individuals with CF. In the initial stage, common bacteria such asStaphylococcus aureusandHemophilus influenzaecolonize and infect the lungs.Eventually,Pseudomonas aeruginosa(and sometimesBurkholderia cepacia) dominates. By 18 years of age, 80% of patients with classic cystic fibrosis harborPseudomonas aeruginosa, and another 3. 5% harbor Burkholderia cepacia. Once within the lungs, these bacteria adapt to the environment and developresistanceto commonly used antibiotics. Pseudomonascan develop specia l characteristics that allow the formation of large colonies, known as mucoidPseudomonas, which are seldom seen in people that do not have CF. One way infection spreads is by passing between different individuals with CF.In the past, people with CF often participated in summer CF Camps and other recreational gatherings. Hospitals grouped patients with CF into common areas and routine equipment (such asnebulizers)was not sterilized between individual patients. This led to transmission of more dangerous strains of bacteria among groups of patients. As a result, individuals with CF are routinely isolated from one another in the health care setting and healthcare providers are encouraged to wear gowns and gloves when examining patients with CF to limit the spread of virulent bacterial strains.CF patients may also have their airways chronically colonized by filamentous fungi (such asAspergillus fumigatus,Scedosporium apiospermum,Aspergillus terreus) and/or yeasts (such asCandida albicans ) other filamentous fungi less commonly isolated include Aspergillus flavusandAspergillus nidulans(occur transiently in CF respiratory secretions), andExophiala dermatitidisand Scedosporium prolificans(chronic airway-colonizers) some filamentous fungi likePenicillium emersoniiandAcrophialophora fusisporaare encountered in patients almost exclusively in the context of CF.Defective mucociliary clearance characterizing CF is associated with local immunological disorders. In addition, the prolonged therapy with antibiotics and the use of corti saluteeroid treatments may also facilitate fungal growth. Although the clinical relevance of the fungal airway colonization is still a matter of debate, filamentous fungi may contribute to the local inflammatory response, and therefore to the progressive constipation of the lung function, as often happens with allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) the ost common fungal disease in the context of CF, involving a Th2-driven immune respons e to Aspergillus. - Diagnosis and monitoring CFTR gene on chromosome 7 CFTR gene on chromosome 7 Cystic fibrosis may be diagnosed by many different methods includingnewborn screening,sweat testing, and genetic testing. As of 2006 in the United States, 10 percent of cases are diagnosed shortly after birth as part of newborn screening programs.The newborn screen initially measures for raised blood concentration of immunoreactive trypsinogen. Infants with an abnormal newborn screen need a sweat test to confirm the CF diagnosis. In many cases, a parent makes the diagnosis because the infant tastes salty. Trypsinogenlevels can be increased in individuals who have a single mutated copy of theCFTRgene (carriers) or, in rare instances, in individuals with two normal copies of theCFTRgene. Due to thesefalse positives, CF screening in newborns can be controversial.Most states and countries do not screen for CF routinely at birth. Therefore, most individuals are diagnosed after symptoms (e. g. sinopulmonary disease and GI manifestations) prompt an evaluation for cystic fibrosis. The most commonly used form of testing is the sweat test. Sweat-testing involves application program of a medication that stimulates sweating (pilocarpine). To deliver the medication through the skin, iontophoresisis used to, whereby oneelectrodeis placed onto the applied medication and an electric currentis passed to a separate electrode on the skin.The resultant sweat is then collected on filter paper or in a capillary tube and analyse for abnormal amounts ofsodiumandchloride. People with CF have increased amounts of sodium and chloride in their sweat. In contrast, people with CF have less thiocyanate andhypothiocyanitein their spittle and mucus. CF can also be diagnosed by identification of mutations in the CFTR gene. People with CF may be listed in adisease cash registerthat allows researchers and doctors to track health results and identify candidates forclinical trials. PrenatalCouples who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy can have themselves tested for the CFTR gene mutations to determine the risk that their child will be born with cystic fibrosis. Testing is typically performed first on one or both parents and, if the risk of CF is high, testing on thefetusis performed. TheAmerican College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists(ACOG) recommends testing for couples who have a personal or close family history of CF, and they recommend that carrier testing be offered to all Caucasian couples and be made available to couples of other ethnic backgrounds.Because development of CF in the fetus requires each parent to pass on a mutated copy of the CFTR gene and because CF testing is expensive, testing is often performed initially on one parent. If testing shows that parent is a CFTR gene mutation carrier, the other parent is tested to calculate the risk that their children will have CF. CF can result from more than a thousand different mutations, and as of 2006 it is not possible to test for each one. Testing analyzes the blood for the most common mutations such as ? F508most commercially available tests attend for 32 or fewer different mutations.If a family has a known uncommon mutation, specific screening for that mutation can be performed. Because not all known mutations are found on current tests, a negative screen does not guarantee that a child will not have CF. During pregnancy, testing can be performed on theplacenta(chorionic villus sampling) or the fluid around the fetus (amniocentesis). except,chorionic villus samplinghas a risk of fetal death of 1 in 100 and amniocentesis of 1 in 200a recent study has indicated this may be much lower, virtually 1 in 1,600.Economically, for carrier couples of cystic fibrosis, when comparing pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) with natural conception (NC) followed by prenatal testing and abortion of affected pregnancies, PGD provides net sparing benefits up to a maternal age of approximately 40 y ears, after which NC, prenatal testing and abortion has higher economic benefit. - Management While there are no cures for cystic fibrosis there are several treatment methods. The charge of cystic fibrosis has ameliorate significantly over the past 70 years.While infants born with cystic fibrosis 70 years ago would have been unlikely to live beyond their first year, infants today are likely to live well into adulthood. new-made advances in the treatment of cystic fibrosis have meant that an individual with cystic fibrosis can live a fuller life less encumbered by their condition. The cornerstones of management are proactive treatment ofairway infection, and encouragement of good nutrition and an active lifestyle. Management of cystic fibrosis continues throughout a patients life, and is aimed at maximizing organ function, and therefore quality of life.At best, current treatments delay the decline in organ function. Because of the wide variation in disease symptoms treatment typica lly occurs at specialiser multidisciplinary centers, and is tailored to the individual. Targets for therapy are thelungs,gastrointestinal tract(including pancreatic enzyme supplements), thereproductive organs(including (ART) and psychological support. The most consistent aspect of therapy in cystic fibrosis is limiting and treating the lung damage caused by thick mucus and infection. Intravenous,inhaled, and oral antibiotics are used to treat chronic and acute infections.Mechanical devices and inhalation medications are used to alter and clear the thickened mucus. These therapies, art object effective, can be extremely time-consuming for the patient. One of the most important battles that CF patients face is finding the time to comply with prescribed treatments while balancing a normal life. In addition, therapies such astransplantationandgene therapyaim to cure some of the effects of cystic fibrosis. Gene therapy aims to produce normal CFTR to airway. Theoretically this process s hould be simple as the airway is easily accessible and there is only a single gene defect to correct.There are two CFTR gene introduction mechanisms involved, the first use of a viral vector (adenovirus, adeno-associated virus or retro virus) and secondly the use ofliposome. However there are some problems associated with these methods involving efficiency (liposomes insufficient protein) and delivery (virus provokes an immune response). Antibiotics Many CF patients are on one or moreantibioticsat all times, even when healthy, toprophylacticallysuppress infection. Antibiotics are absolutely necessary whenever pneumonia is suspected or there has been a noticeable decline in lung function, and are usually chosen based on the results of a putum analysis and the patients past response. This prolonged therapy often necessitates hospitalization and insertion of a more permanentIVsuch as aperipherally inserted central catheter(PICC line) orPort-a-Cath. Inhaled therapy with antibiotics such as tobramycin,colistin, andaztreonamis often given for months at a time to improve lung function by impeding the growth of colonized bacteria. Oral antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin orazithromycinare given to help prevent infection or to control ongoing infection. Theaminoglycosideantibiotics (e. g. obramycin) with long-term use can causeseveral side effects such as hearing loss, damaging thebalance systempresent in theinner earand producing many chronic kidney problems. To prevent theseside-effects, the amount of antibiotics in the blood are routinely measured and adjusted accordingly. Other treatments for lung disease Several mechanical techniques are used to dislodge sputum and encourage its expectoration. In the hospital setting, chest physiotherapy (CPT) is utilized a respiratory therapist percusses an individuals chest with his or her hands several times a day, to loosen up secretions.Devices that recreate this percussive therapy include theThAIRapy Vestand theintrapulmonary percussive ventilator(IPV). Newer methods such asBiphasic Cuirass Ventilation, and associated clearance mode available in such devices, integrate a cough assistance phase, as well as a vibration phase for dislodging secretions. These are portable and adapted for home use. Aerosolized medications that help loosen secretions includedornase alfaandhypertonicsaline. Dornase is arecombinanthuman deoxyribonuclease, which breaks down DNA in thesputum, thus decreasing itsviscosity.Denufosolis an investigational drug that opens an alternative chloride channel, helping to liquefy mucus. As lung disease worsens, mechanical breathing support may go necessary. Individuals with CF may need to wear special masks at night that help push air into their lungs. These machines, known asbi-level positive airway pressure(BiPAP) ventilators, help prevent low blood oxygen levels during sleep. BiPAP may also be used during physical therapy to improve sputum clearance. During severe illness, atubemay be pla ced in the throat (a procedure known as atracheostomy) to enable breathing supported by aventilator.For children financial support with CF, preliminary studies show pediatric massage therapy may improve patients and their families quality of life, though more rigorous studies must be done. Transplantation Lung transplantationoften becomes necessary for individuals with cystic fibrosis as lung function ceases andexercise tolerancedeclines. Although single lung transplantation is possible in other diseases, individuals with CF must have both lungs replaced because the remaining lung might contain bacteria that could infect the transplanted lung.A pancreatic or liver transplant may be performed at the same time in order to alleviate liver disease and/or diabetes. Lung transplantation is considered when lung function declines to the point where assistance from mechanical devices is required or patient survival is threatened. Other aspects Intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be used to provide fertility for men with cystic. .fibrosis Intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be used to provide fertility for men with cystic. .fibrosis New-borns with intestinal obstruction typically require surgery, whereas adults withdistal intestinal obstruction syndrome typically do not.Treatment of pancreatic insufficiency by replacement of lacking(p) digestive enzymes allows the duodenum to properly absorb nutrients and vitamins that would otherwise be lost in the faeces. So far, no large-scale research involving the incidence ofatherosclerosisandcoronary heart diseasein adults with cystic fibrosis has been conducted. This is likely due to the fact that the vast majority of people with cystic fibrosis do not live long enough to develop clinically significant atherosclerosis or coronary heart disease.Diabetesis the most common non-pulmonary complication of CF. It mixes features oftype 1andtype 2diabetes, and is recognized as a distinct entity,cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) . While oralanti-diabetic drugsare sometimes used, the only recommended treatment is the use ofinsulininjections or aninsulin pump,and unlike in type 1 and 2 diabetes, dietary restrictions are not recommended. Development ofosteoporosiscan be prevented by increased intake of vitamin D andcalcium, and can be treated bybisphosphonates, althoughadverse effectscan be an issue.Poor growth may be avoided by insertion of afeeding tubefor increasingcaloriesthrough supplemental feeds or by administration of injectedgrowth hormone. Sinus infections are treated by prolonged courses of antibiotics. The development of nasal polyps or other chronic changes within the nasal passages may severely limit airflow through the nose, and over time reduce the patients sense of smell. Sinus surgery is often used to alleviate nasal obstruction and to limit further infections. Nasal steroids such asfluticasoneare used to decrease nasal inflammation.Female infertility may be overcome byassisted reproductionte chnology (ART) with the help of embryo transfertechniques. Male infertility caused by absence of thevas deferensmay be overcome withtesticular sperm extraction(TEST), collecting sperm cells directly from the testicles. If the collected sample contains too few sperm cells to likely have a spontaneousfertilization,intracytoplasmic sperm injectioncan be performed. Third party reproductionis also a possibility for women with CF. - PrognosisThe prognosis for cystic fibrosis has improved due to earlier diagnosis through screening, better treatment and access to health care. In 1959, the median age of survival of children with cystic fibrosis in the United States was six months. In 2008, survival averaged 37. 4 years. In Canada, median survival increased from 24 years in 1982 to 47. 7 in 2007. Of those with cystic fibrosis who are more than 18 years old as of 2009 92% had graduated fromhigh school, 67% had at least some college education, 15% were disabled and 9% were unemployed, 56% were single and 39% were married or living with a partner.In Russiathe overall median age of patients is 25, which is caused by the absence or high cost of medication and the fact that lung transplantation is not performed. Quality of life Chronic illnesses can be very difficult to manage. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic illness that affects the digestive and respiratory tracts resulting in generalized malnutrition and chronic respiratory infections. The thick secretions clog the airways in the lungs, which often cause inflammation and severe lung infections. Therefore, mucus makes it dispute to breathe.If it is compromised, it affects the quality of life of someone with CF, and their ability to complete such tasks as everyday chores. It is important for CF patients to understand the detrimental relationship that chronic illnesses place on the quality of life. Havermans and colleagues (2006) have shown that young outpatients with CF that have participated in the CFQ-R (Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised) rated some QOL domains higher than did their parents. Consequently, outpatients with CF have a more positive brainpower for themselves.Furthermore, there are many ways to improve the QOL in CF patients. Exercise is promoted to increase lung function. The fact of integrating an exercise regimen into the CF patients daily routine can significantly improve the quality of life. There is no definitive cure for Cystic Fibrosis. However, there are respective(a) medications used such as, mucolytics, bronchodilators, steroids and antibiotics that have the purpose of loosening mucus, expanding airways, decreasing inflammation and fighting lung infections. -Epidemiology Mutation Frequency worldwide ?F508 66%70% G542X 2. 4% G551D 1. 6% N1303K 1. 3% W1282X 1. 2% All others 27. 5% Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-limiting autosomal recessive disease among people ofCaucasian heritage. In the United States, approximately 30,000 individuals have CF most are diagnosed by six months of age. InCanada, there are approximately 3,500 people with CF. Approximately 1 in 25 people of European descent, and one in 30 of Caucasian Americans, is a carrier of a cystic fibrosis mutation.Although CF is less common in these groups, approximately 1 in 46Hispanics, 1 in 65Africansand 1 in 90 Asianscarry at least one abnormal CFTR gene. Ireland has the worlds highest incidence of cystic fibrosis, at 11353. Although technically arare disease, cystic fibrosis is ranked as one of the most widespread life-shortening genetic diseases. It is most common among nations in the Western world. An exception isFinland, where only one in 80 people carry a CF mutation. In the United States, 1 in 4,000 children are born with CF. In 1997, about 1 in 3,300 Caucasian children in the United States was born with cystic fibrosis.In contrast, only 1 in 15,000 African American children suffered from cystic fibrosis, and in Asian Americans the rate was even lower at 1 in 32,000. Cystic fi brosis is diagnosed in males and womanishs equally. For reasons that remain unclear, data has shown that males tend to have a lengthylife expectancythan females,however recent studies suggest this gender gap may no longer exist perhaps due to improvements in health care facilities,while a recent study from Ireland identified a link between the female hormone, estrogen and worse outcomes in CF.The distribution of CF alleles varies among populations. The frequency of ? F508 carriers has been estimated at 1200 in northern Sweden, 1143 in Lithuanians, and 138 in Denmark. No ? F508 carriers were found among 171Finnsand 151Saami people. ?F508 does occur in Finland, but it is a minority allele there. Cystic fibrosis is known to occur in only 20 families (pedigrees) in Finland. Hypotheses about prevalence The? F508mutation is estimated to be up to 52,000 years old. Numerous hypotheses have been advanced as to why such a deadly mutation has persisted and spread in the human population.Othe r common autosomal recessive diseases such assickle-cell anemia have been found to protect carriers from other diseases, a concept known asheterozygote advantage. Resistances to the following have all been proposed as possible sources of heterozygote advantage * Cholera With the finding and discovery thatcholera toxinrequires normal soldiers CFTR proteins to function properly, it was hypothesized that carriers of mutant CFTR genes benefited from resistance to cholera and other causes of diarrhea. Further studies have not confirmed this hypothesis. Typhoid Normal CFTR proteins are also required basically for the entry ofSalmonella typhiinto cells,suggesting that carriers of the mutant CFTR genes might be resistant totyphoid fever. Noin vivostudy has yet confirmed this. In both cases, the low level of cystic fibrosis outside of Europe, in places where both cholera and typhoid fever areendemic, is not immediately explicable. * Diarrhea It has also been hypothesized that the prevalenc e of CF in Europe might be connected with the development of cattle domestication. In this hypothesis, carriers of a ingle mutant CFTR chromosome had some protection from diarrhea caused by lactose intolerance, preceding to the appearance of the mutations that created lactose tolerance. * Tuberculosis Another explanation is that carriers of the gene could have some resistance to TB. - History It is supposed that CF appeared about 3,000 BC because of migration of peoples, gene mutations, and new conditions in nourishment. Although the entire clinical spectrum of CF was not recognized until the 1930s, certain aspects of CF were identified much earlier.Indeed, literaturefrom Germany and Switzerland in the 18th century warnedWehe dem Kind, das beim Ku? auf die Stirn salzig schmekt, er ist verhext und muss bald sterbeor Woe to the child who tastes salty from a kiss on the brow, for he is cursed and soon must die, recognizing the association between the salt loss in CF and illness. Doro thy Hansine Andersen Dorothy Hansine Andersen In the 19th century,Carl von Rokitansky give awayd a case of fetal death withmeconium peritonitis, a complication of meconium ileus associated with cystic fibrosis.Meconium ileus was first described in 1905 byKarl Landsteiner. In 1936,Guido Fanconipublished a paper describing a connecting link between celiac disease, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and bronchiectasis. In 1938Dorothy Hansine Andersenpublished an article, Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas and Its Relation to Celiac Disease a Clinical and Pathological Study, in theAmerican Journal of Diseases of Children. She was the first to describe the characteristic cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and to correlate it with the lung and intestinal disease prominent in CF.She also first hypothesized that CF was a recessive disease and first used pancreatic enzyme replacement to treat affected children. In 1952 Paul di Sant Agnese discovered abnormalities insweatelectrolytes asweat testwas d eveloped and improved over the next decade. The first linkage between CF and another marker (Paroxonase) was found in 1985, indicating that only one locus exists for CFHans Eiberg. In 1988 the first mutation for CF,? F508was discovered byFrancis Collins,Lap-Chee TsuiandJohn R. Riordanon the seventh chromosome.Subsequent research has found over 1,000 different mutations that cause CF. Because mutations in the CFTR gene are typically small,classical geneticstechniques had been unable to accurately pinpoint the mutated gene. Using protein markers,gene-linkagestudies were able to map the mutation to chromosome 7. Chromosome-walking and-jumpingtechniques were then used to identify andsequencethe gene. In 1989 Lap-Chee Tsui led a team of researchers at the Hospital for Sick ChildreninTorontothat discovered the gene responsible for CF.Cystic fibrosis represents the first genetic disorder elucidated strictly by the process ofreverse genetics. - Research Gene therapy Gene therapyhas been exp lored as a potential cure for cystic fibrosis. Ideally, gene therapy places a normal copy of theCFTR gene into affected cells. Transferring the normal CFTR gene into the affected epithelium cells would result in the production of functional CFTR in all target cells, without adverse reactions or an inflammation response.Studies have shown that to prevent the lung manifestations of cystic fibrosis, only 510% the normal amount of CFTRgene expressionis needed. Multiple approaches have been tested for gene transfer, such as liposomes and viral vectors in animal models and clinical trials. However, both methods were found to be relatively inefficient treatment options. The main reason is that very few cells take up the vector and express the gene, so the treatment has little effect. Additionally, problems have been noted in cDNA recombination, such that the gene introduced by the treatment is rendered unusable.With the help of theCystic Fibrosis Trust, which has a league of highly profess ional gene therapists, both somatic and Adeno-associated viral vector have made advances. TheAdenoviridae, or more commonly known as the cold virus, is genetically altered, allowing the CFTR gene to enter lung cells. Small molecules A number ofsmall moleculesthat aim at compensating various mutations of the CFTR gene are under development. One approach is to develop drugs that get the ribosome to overcome the tarry codonand synthesize a full-length CFTR protein.About 10% of CF results from a premature stop codon in the DNA, leading to early termination of protein synthesis and truncated proteins. These drugs target nonsense mutationssuch as G542X, which consists of the amino acidglycinein position 542 being replaced by a stop codon. Aminoglycoside antibiotics interfere with DNA synthesis and error-correction. In some cases, they can cause the cell to overcome the stop codon, insert a random amino acid, and express a full-length protein.The aminoglycosidegentamicinhas been used to tr eat lung cells from CF patients in the laboratory to induce the cells to grow full-length proteins. Another drug targeting nonsense mutations isataluren, which is undergoing Phase III clinical trials as of October 2011. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. BIOLOGY TEXTBOOK FOR crystallise XII (NCERT) 2. TRUEMANS BIOLOGY FOR CLASS XII 3. SCIENCE REPORTER (September, 2007) 4. THE NEWYORK TIMES (December 22, 2009) 5. www. google. co. in/cysticfibrosis 6. en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis 7. www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov 8. www. cff. org/ 9. www. cysticfibrosis. com/ 10. www. cftrust. org. uk/

Concern of Government Trade Policy Essay

Whose interests should be the paramount concern of political sympathies trade policy the interests of producers (the telephone circuit and the employees) or of the consumers?This is a very interesting question. I would hope that the policies that are in place by the government would help not only the producers nevertheless in the long run would also help the consumers. The government has a responsibility to ensure that businesses will get that competitive advantage in the ball-shaped business world. That said, if governments place were to place too much of its interest in businesses, the consumers would definitely suffer immensely. Historically, the United States has made many mistakes where we take a leak protected the producers and companies and have developed many policies to ensure American companies do not extend. The book discusses the steel industry and how government placed an Ad Valorem Tariff on steel.It talked roughly how we wanted to protect domestic steel produce rs and how government had too many policies in place. That eventually was counterproductive and it raised the cost of production. This then caused the output to fail miserably and before we know it, we eliminated that tariff within two years. Can we learn from this mistake in the future? Sure we can. But you need the respectable people for the job. We need to make sure better policy-making decisions are made and that local content requirement is occurring.The book talks about government intervention. When it does, it seems to me, that it is talking about protecting the inefficient companies, peoples jobs, and industries from unfair foreign competition. While employees may well lose their jobs if there are much well-organized and competent foreign competitors, I would argue that this is the nature of competition, and that the role of government should be to help these employees get jobs where they can be efficiently employed sort of than to protect them from reality. Government in tervention can also lead to trade wars. Government interventionusually ends up not working. The European Common market-gardening Policy by European farmers backfired and has cost consumers greatly. One the other side of the spectrum, if government does not set policies to protect the interests of businesses then global firms, companies, may strike in and take an unfair advantage, a.k.a. the Steel industry in 2002.

Fast Food Nation Essay

turbulent Food commonwealth is a film say by Richard Linklater and it was released in the year 2006. This is one of those films, which provide new sources of thinking to a generation. This film deals with a large number of topics, which argon old just now still existing on our planet. Among these topics the mentionable ones are gender, ethnicity, class, sexual orientation and oppression.The film also shows that although being different separate of the social strata these things are actu each(prenominal)y rise related with each other. They act not only in the sm altogether communities but also throughout the world. There is no bar for these topics among the developed and growing countries in the present day world. Fast Food Nation upholds the problems, which are old enough to have been erased by now. But as a consider of fact, they still loom large in the human societies of all standards.Don Anderson is the main character of the movie. He is the famous Anderson who is comple ten for the preparation of Big wholeness of Mickeys hamburger. This shows how the protagonist of the film is connected with the world of fast food.The main thing around which the film is constructed is to judge whether these businesses are honest or not. Anderson is not a bad human being but as a matter of fact he does not seem to know everything that is associated with his business. He finds one fault with the products of his company and travels to Cody in Colorado to trace the source of these bad and unhealthy ingredients in the products.Cody in Colorado is the center for the preparation of all the products of Mickeys. Very soon Anderson comes to know about the faults that are actually winning place while manufacturing the products of his company. These are some of the approximately horrible truths time lag for him. The film has dealt with some other complicacies as well. Among them, the most important one is the exploitation of the illegal immigrants. People come to America to win a good enough fortune from various corners of the world.Mexico is one of these countries from where a number of illegal immigrants come in search of jobs. Very soon after entering the country they are used by the white settlers of the United States of America. Fast food culture has given birth to a huge industry in this country and most of the immigrants are taken in for the jobs that are available in this industry. Cheap labor is the main reason why the companies are always interested in taking these employees. By doing this, they can also earn a huge amount of profit within short time. (Linklater, et al, 2006)The tagline of Fast Food Nation says The honor Is Hard To Swallow. In a way this film introduces the audience with the modern day world where almost every vice is present in the guild just as they used to exist in the past. The presence of cow manure in the Mickeys product is highly emblematical as it shows the commonly found tendency to live by cheating on others . A fast food race like USA nowadays looks after only the benefits from the business and not after the quality of service they are providing the customers with. This is the harsh truth, which Don Anderson discovers in his own company while visit Cody in Colorado.Fast Food Nation is a movie that concentrates on many of the recent problems, which we come across in the modern world. away from that in that respect are also other problems, which are not felt by us. Some of the downtrodden people have to face these truths in their lives. This is really unfortunate as we talk about the overall development of the world we act in a very hypocritical way.According to some of the well known critics Fast Food Nation is a well made angry movie which vents out the idealistic wrath on the wrong way in which the nation like USA is traveling towards a so called progress. It is obviously a credit going to Richard Linklater for the fact that he has chosen such a unsanded subject on which the econ omy of USA is dependent to a great extent.The bewitch-less style of the movie is one of the most important symbolic, which is followed throughout the movie. We all know that America is a country of glamour and this is why a movie based on this country is hoped to be flashing with glamour and style. Unlike all other movies, Fast Food Nation is an entirely anti-glamour movie where all the characters are the dwellers of a very indifferent land. Truth hidden beneath the glamour is the main motive of this movie and this is why Linklater has focused more on incidents rather than the glamorous aspect of the film. (Morris, 2006)Linklater is very much successful in taking the audience to the root of the problems. He takes the audience to the abattoirs where raw materials for hamburger are produced. Visiting these places the audience is able to go through a series of events, which are revealing about how USA still deals on the grounds of race, gender and ethnicity. The Mexican immigrants ar e nothing better than the cows, which are slaughtered for the production. They are also exploited to a huge extent.By connecting to the story of the Mexican border Linklater actually introduces the audience with another horrible truth, which is looming large in the country. The country, which boasts of its democracy, is itself a system of exploitation and this is something, which Fast Food Nation deals with very carefully. Uniglobe is the meat plant where the team of Mexican workers joins.This is the place where the white Americans take the full advantage over the Mexicans as they have come in the country obtaining illegal process. It is very shocking to see a white that works as the floor supervisor threats the Mexican workers to kill them through the slaughtering machine unless they work properly.This show of rudeness opens up the horrible way in which the white people in American society are still dealing with the Mexicans. Money is the main thing, which draws the poor Mexicans t o this vast land of USA where they have neither identity nor respect. There is a burst in the movie where a Mexican falls inside the slaughtering machine and loses his hand, which is chopped by the blade. The terrible scene is something, which agitates the audience to the core.Fast Food Nation not only focuses on the macro system of the society but also on the micro system where the workers are exploited at the selfsame(prenominal) rate. We see the troubles, which are faced by Sylvia, the Mexican young woman who starts working as a hotel room cleaner. She faced huge problems in the slaughterhouse of Uniglobe where her husband and sister continue to work.The dangers of crossing the border are one of the most important elements, which the movie has dealt with. It shows the extent of risk, which the Mexicans are ready to undertake for their survival. end-to-end the film it has dealt with huge problems in modern America. But the most important thing about them is the fact that everyt hing, which happens in the life of the Mexican friends, is also the parts of the greater American life. Exploitation and all the other associated elements in the movie are actually representing the wholesome picture of the United States of America. (Mother Jones, 2006)The use of satire in the film is a main thing, which consolidates the theme even more. There are actually three narrative parts that have been used in this movie. The simulate of the movie is very much like the documentary films, which shows the true picture of the world and easily deal with even some of the most controversial topics. Apart from human cruelty, animal cruelty is also an integral part of the film. However, the movie also concentrates on the matter of sexual orientation, which is a big issue in todays America.Amber, the role played by Ashley Johnson, faces problems seeing the difference of sexual orientations among her friend. She asks her close friends not to meet cute looking boys, believing that they expend homosexuality. This is somehow associated with the slaughterhouse atmosphere and the theme thus becomes more convincing.

Basic Concept of International Development

International development or global development is a concept that lacks a universally accepted definition, but it is most used in a holistic and multi-disciplinary context of human development the development of livelihoods and greater quality of action for humans. It therefore encompasses foreign aid, governance, healthcare, education, gender equality, disaster preparedness, infrastructure, economics, human rights, environment and issues associated with these.International development is cerebrate to the concept of world-wide aid, but is distinct from, though conceptually related to, disaster relief and humanitarian aid. While these two forms of international support seek to alleviate some of the problems associated with a lack of development, they are most ofttimes short term fixes they are not necessarily long-term solutions. International development, on the other hand, seeks to implement long-term solutions to problems by helping developing countries become the necessary c apacity needed to provide such sustainable solutions to their problems.A truly sustainable development project is one whichwill be able to carry on indefinitely with no further international involvement or support, whether it is financial or otherwise. International development projects may consist of a single, transformative project to greet a detail problem or a series of projects targeted at several aspects of society. will be able to carry on indefinitely with no further international involvement or support, whether it is financial or otherwise. International development projects may consist of a single, transformative project to address a specific problem or a series of projects targeted at several aspects of society. will be able to carry on indefinitely with no further international involvement or support, whether it is financial or otherwise. International development projects may consist of a single, transformative project to address a specific problem or a series of pr ojects targeted at several aspects of society.

Laboratory Equipment Borrowing System of Lorma Colleges Skills Development Institute Essay

Nowadays, to the highest degree people tend to search or find things that argon elementary to head for the hills on. We tend to be clingy, trendy, and work things automatically. So, we design you these Laboratory Equipment borrow System. It is an automated acceptation system. This offers equipment which you can be borrow or engross temporarily ranging from different various equipment or whole laboratory equipment set-up as desire, creating easier process to make life more convenient and efficient. This system bulge contains all of the current information about the equipment, rocked alphabetically by name.The borrowers information records, contact number and its location are installed in these system. The aim of the puke is to work out a generic approach of providing a borrowing history and easy access of every equipment items of laboratory. We know that we also deserve an opportunity to meet and need to learn to try new set of things. Therefore, we help to sprout and inve nt such a technological automated system. We give bring the around various tools and laboratory equipment items from our collection.Maintain its services and accessibility that are consistent with the entire school and the entire organization. Laboratory Equipment borrowing system is provided to school-age childs and faculties to show them how serious are computers and other technologies in teaching and learning processes. One of the main purposes of this study is to help students to become wise and resourceful in terms of project making and other learning methods that are relevant to them. In short Technology makes the work easy. This documentation will only concentrate in the computer laboratory of Equipment borrowing system.Particularly the Organizational Set up and Operation, Machine set up Configuration and Structure, and the Layout of Facilities and configuration. And this study aimed to design laboratory commission software to effectively manage equipment maintenance, b orrowing and returning, failure analysis, inventory, scheduling, and flexible trace generation process. The development strategies used in the project analysis, design and development intromit a thorough analysis and evaluation of both the existing and the first prototype of the proposed system.The software is also very acceptable in gaining real while visibility in equipment inventory, maintenance and borrowing and returning, and that it is also very acceptable in providing reports at the same epoch provide history recording of the different processes in stock(predicate). Laboratory Equipment borrowing system are instrument used in laboratory where the students conducted their experiment. The Laboratory Equipment borrowing system placed in a terminus room intended for Laboratory Equipment borrowing system only which is organize and manage by the authorized personnel.The staffs in this room are responsible for pickings care of the Equipment they are obliged to pay it when some thing is missing. In order to avoid this obligation they are careful and wise enough to have a list of all apparatus in the storage. This list is their references on how many Equipment they have. The staffs also are responsible to take in charge of the Equipment that was borrowed by the students. The students can lend Equipment for their academic purposes provided with their instructor consents. The students also are responsible to take care of it and return it on time. Failure to do the condition will be given up a sanction.This system designed and developed to solve the problem associated with the handling of laboratory equipment. The study is targeted to develop an effective and efficient system that will advocate the company. The system is called Laboratory Equipment Borrowing System, which is basically monitors the equipment that have been taken out of the department and was use by borrower, provides a complete list of equipment that are available inside the Laboratory, creat es a daily, weekly, calendar monthly, semesterly and yearly report of personnel who borrows the equipment, creates an interface or form for the users/borrowers and admins to work on with.For what we have observed in the past years, most of the institution still uses the manual documentation, inventory, and request. Where the borrower will have to write all the items to be borrow on a logbook, while the shop steward verifies and formalizes the items borrowed, by this build of method, it might cause a lot of mistakes and it consumes a lot of time, while with an electronic type of logging in and validation of borrowed items, makes the borrowing more easy and quick, it benefits the custodian and the borrower.Checking of available items, will be more easy not like the manual, where the custodian will have to look at first the equipment and validate if its reserved for future event or if its not available for that day, while the electronic type of borrowing system, makes it more faster , because the custodian will estimable have to check on the computer it will show immediately if its available and how many are there available on the laboratory.When it comes to end of the month there will be a monthly report of the laboratory, where the custodian will have to compile every records of the borrowed equipment of the previous month, this will cost the custodian a great time, manually checks, compile and validate the records and he/she will have to encode and print a report, while if the custodian will use a Borrowing system he will just click a button, validate the equipment and print the report and hes d adept, effective and efficient.In the United States of America, there is one university which we may call it reference of our study and system. The Case Western Reserve University, in Cleveland, where there is a completely student-run theme devoted to promoting musical theater and they are named Footlighters, and they have the S. L. E. B. S. namely Sound and Light Equipment Borrowing System.The Footlighters have sound and lighting equipment that is available for CWRU USG, recognized student organizations to borrow for on-campus events, they have established their witness policies, procedures and even a online borrowing form for the request of the equipment, and they can even request thru their website. Their procedure on borrowing equipment first is the equipment may only be borrowed by a properly trained individual on behalf of CWRU USG-recognized student organization of which he or she is a current active member.The equipment is available on a first-come, first-served basis. While the Footlighters will make every attempt to keep the reservations calendar current, no request is guaranteed until the Footlighters delight a notification that the reservation has been confirmed. The requests for use of the equipment must be submitted at least 10 days in advance of the event, to allow sufficient time processing. They also have their own sanctio ns and can implement their own penalties on borrowers who made some violations on their borrowing rules.Here in Philippines, there is one particular school that offers the same concept like what we are currently studying, in Damarinas, Cavites, and the name of the school is De La Salle University-Dasmarinas. They have also their own guidelines in reservation of equipment and procedures to follow on borrowing and returning laboratory equipment. Their method is semi manual and automated, because students and faculties can have the form thru their own website and the half of that will be processed upon arriving in the laboratory.They also offer various equipment like, Laptop, Multimedia Projector, Projection Screen, Television, DVD Player ,etc. Their own system also manifest its own limitation, such as like schedule of borrowing, quicker checking of availability of equipment and complete documentation. Despite of the limitations on their system of borrow it still functioning state. As a student, one of our requirements in our course is to develop and study a system and be able to defend at the end of the school year.Here in Lorma Colleges, in the class of CPRO215 System Development I a group of 4 is assigned to develop a system namely Laboratory Equipment Borrowing System Skills Development Institute. The system will be a GUI based system, with user registration and Log-in system, inventory system, reservation system, monthly report features and printing functions. We are in cooperation of SDI and main prospect in making our system. Their Computer Laboratory will be our base location of innovation to develop improvements in their way of lending equipment to faculties and students of Lorma Colleges.

Military appts Essay

Doctors appointments are missed each and every twenty-four hours by people who either forget to show up or choose not to call and send wordcel their appointment. One of the undercoats why it is best to stress and keep your doctors appointment is because it is the polite thing to do. Would you arrange a job interview with a company you were serious about workings for but then fail to show up? No, not in the civilian world. It is very great to schedule routine doctor appointments regularly to witness proper treatment as needed to care for my health as an injured soldier.I schedule my appointments so I can work on treating my injuries physically and mentally so when I medically retire I can hope for a better future of recovering and living a healthy life with a greater chance of being alive a lot longer than if I didnt take proper treatment. If I didnt think appointment were important than I would see my health go downhill and the recovery would be nearly impossible.Its very impo rtant to be on time to my appointments because if I were late I wouldnt receive the proper treatment I need, I would be taking time away from another soldier that thinks his appointments are just as important for his treatment and it wouldnt be fair to anyone, including myself and my healthy life and another reason is because it is my typeset of duty while in the military. When scheduling appointments you do not want to miss them for a number of reasons.If you miss the appointment, you are not save wasting your doctors time. You could also place your health at risk if you do not start your treatment as quickly as possible. It is rude to your doctor and you are not following through with treatment thats important for your health. Someone who also needed treatment sooner could piddle had the opportunity to be seen if I was going to schedule and miss my appointment. One of the primary concerns with missed appointments is that they limit access to care for multiple patients.When pat ients fail to bulge out for their appointments or they dont call and cancel in advance, its kind of hard to have enough appointments to meet the health-care needs of other patients. devising an appointment is the same as guaranteeing you will be someplace at the agreed upon time. Just as you expect a provider to be there as scheduled, the provider expects you to be there as well. The dental office supports hundreds of members a day and works hard to keep the process of seeing Soldiers flow smoothly. Missing an appointment interrupts that process and creates unnecessary additional work for schedulers, providers, and staff.Our goal is to support the organization that supports us by meeting all appointments. Although I can understand your missing an appointment because of recent distractions, there is no valid excuse for missing an appointment. We must find a way to make certain you dont miss future appointments. People use a variety of methods but they all share one thing in un washed they all realize, at the moment they make the appointment, that they have made a promise to be present at a certain time and place and must find a way to make sure they meet their obligation.Some people have established methods that they use over and over such as writing the appointment down in an appointment book and reviewing it daily. Others write it down on a sticky note and put it somewhere where they will see it every day to remind them of the impending appointment. I will not dictate the method you use because our goal is to make sure you meet all future appointments and the method I suggest may not work for you. You must choose a method that works for you and consider you make all future appointmets because further missed appointments will result in more severe action and affect your career.

Adolescent Eating Habits Essay

Many teenagers f all in all into unhealthy have habits for a variety of reasons stress, the desire to lose weight, mate pressure sensation etc. These unhealthy take in habits, whitethorn not work damage immediately (although they sometimes do) but they argon followed by a host of health issues. Sound nutritious habits play a role in the prevention of common chronic diseases such as obesity, heart disease, cancers, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Investigating and understanding childlike alimentation habits is necessary to preventing diet-related diseases later in the future.This paper discusses characteristic adolescent eating habits skipping meals, fast food consumption, frequent snacking, and other dieting practices of adolescents. The nutritional requirements for adolescents atomic number 18 similarly discussed. pro-inflammatory Dietary Habits Teens engage in dieting practices that whitethornbe less than beneficial, including eating precise little, cutting aside whole grou ps of foods (like grain products), fasting, and skipping meals. These practices can leave out important foods that are vital for growth to occur. otherwise weight-loss strategies such as self-induced vomiting, smoking, and diet pills or laxatives can lead to health issues.See more(prenominal) residue Deprivation Problem Solution Speech EssayUnhealthy dieting can actually get under wizs skin weight gain since it often leads to a cycle of eating very little, then binge eating. Adolescents may miss meals because of unbalanced schedules. Breakfast and lunch are the meals most often missed, school, and social activities may cause the skipping of evening meals. 12 to 50 % of adolescents miss breakfast and girls are more likely to do so than are boys (35 and25 % respectively). More than one-half of the adolescents participating in the National Adolescent School Health ken reported that they ate breakfast less than in two ways per week.Reasons for missing breakfast include rushing withdraw o early school classes or activities, and poor appetite first thing in the morning. miss breakfast can negatively cloak school performance and contribute to a negative overall diet (Americans, 2010) . Hunger and food insecurity (i. e. , disrupted eating patterns because of financial strains) might increase the danger for lower dietary quality and under nutrition. In turn, under nutrition can negatively affect overall health, cognitive development, and school performance. Benefits of Healthful Eating Eating a healthy breakfast is associated with meliorate cognitive function (especially memory), and mood.Healthy eating helps prevent high cholesterin and high blood pressure and reduces the put on the line of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Healthy eating helps reduce the essay of obesity, dental caries, iron deficiency, and osteoporosis Most U. S. youth do not meet the recommendations for eating 2? cups to 6? cups of fr uits and vegetables from severally one day. Teenagers in the U. S. A tend not to eat the minimum recommended amounts of whole grains (23 ounces each day). Teenagers tend not to eat more than the recommended maximum daily intake of sodium (1,5002,300 mg each day) (CDC, 1998).Empty calories contribute to 40% of daily calories for children and adolescents aged 218 years, affecting the quality of their diets. about(predicate) half of these empty calories come from the following sources soft-drinks, fruit drinks, pizza, grain desserts, dairy desserts, and whole milk. Adolescents drink more full-calorie soft-drinks per day than milk. Males aged 1219 years drink roughly 22 ounces of full-calorie soft-drinks per day, more than twice the intake of milk (10 ounces), and females drink roughly 14 ounces of soft-drinks and only 6 ounces of milk (Kushi LH, 2006).Eating Disorders Adolescents are especially susceptible to eating disorders because of the development of their self-image around thi s time of their lives. Bulimia, anorexia and binge eating are all eating disorders that teenagers suffer from. Results of Anorexia nervosa can prove to be fatal as the body is starved so are the muscles. The heart, being a muscle, can consequently begin to weaken, and heart failure will very likely become a reality. The low levels of sodium, zinc, potassium and calcium, associated with anorexia can cause unusual heart rhythms. fast death caused by electrolyte and mineral disorder may happen. The blood bone marrow is in any case interrupted. anaemia is related with the amount of weight lost and the decreased capability to fight pathogens and infections (CDC) . Obtaining the accurate figures, in damage of the prevalence and other facts about eating disorders is difficult. It is not mandatory for Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders (ANRED) to report eating disorders this, the secretiveness, and denial of people with eating disorders makes it difficult to obtain an accurate idea of the prevalence of eating disorders in the U.S. A. According to the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), in 2005, 10,000,000 Americans had an eating disorder. The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD) reports 7,000,000 women and 1,000,000 men are affected by eating disorders in America. 3. 6% and 12. 9% of the American population is estimated to suffer from an eating disorder at some time in their lives, according to the Eating Disorders Coalition (EDC) (Americans, 2010) . Junk dietThe percentage of adolescents snacking on any given day increased from 61% in 1977-1978 to 83% in 2005-2006 the percentage of adolescents who had three or more snacks in a day rise more than twofold, from 9 % to 23% during the same time period. The rise in rates of overweight and obesity among children and adults of late has lead researchers to evaluate the relationship between different eating patterns and weight status. A habit that has received su bstantive attention is that of eating more frequently, particularly in the form of snacking.Although some research has shown that eating habits, including snacking, may help people meet their nutrient requirements, other research indicates that snacking lowers the nutrient density (the amount of nutrients per calorie) of the entirety diet (Forshee RA, 2006) (Brown, 2011). Snacking more times per day was related to higher intakes of calories. Many of the foods that made the largest contributions to adolescents intakes (My Pyramid) at snacks were also high in solid fats, added cabbages, or both.The effects of frequent consumption of junk food, such as fast food, soft-drinks, potato crisps and other snacks, include the increased risk of Clogged arteries- his occurs when fats and cholesterol become oxidise and build up inside the blood vessels, increasing the risk for heart attack or stroke. * flavour disease. * Diabetes later in life. * Obesity, immediately or later in life. * Hyp ertension. * Cancers related to excess fat and saccharify consumption. (Brown, 2011) Many teens eat at fast food restaurants often, taking in extra calories from added sugar and fat. champion fast food meal of a sandwich, fries, and sweetened soft-drink can have more fat, calories, and sugar than one should eat in an entire day.The best approach is to limit the amount of fast food consumed. Choosing a grilled chicken sandwich or a plain, small burger or else of a large fry burger, ordering garden or grilled chicken salads with light or reduced-calorie dressings, choosing water, fat-free, or low-fat milk instead of sweetened sweet-drinks can go a long way towards minimizing fat, sugar and calorie intake when eating out. At times, people forget what they drinking and focus only on what they are eating. Soft-drinks and other sugar filled drinks have replaced water and milk as the drinks of choice for teens.These drinks are more like desserts because they are high in calories and ad ded sugar. In fact, soft-drinks and sugar-filled drinks may contribute to weight problems in kids and teens. Saturated fat and trans fat, make in many types of fast food including fries, and fried chicken, contribute to high cholesterol levels. High cholesterol increases the risk of blocked arteries. The resulting reduced blood flow to the heart and brain, increases risks for heart attack or stroke. Trans fat, also found in many baked goods such as cookies, snack cakes and crackers, should be avoided to reduce your risk of cardiovascular problems.

Plato’s Concept of the Ideals

Platos concept of the ideals Plato believed that reality is to a greater extent than what we sense around the world (e. g. taste, smell, hear, see and touch), he believed that behind these physical realities lies a perfect pas seul of them in which he called Forms and that the greatest thing we can learn is to have knowledge and understanding of them. Platos theory means that what we can sense around us (for example a precede) is just a mere shadow of the perfect version which exists in the world of Forms. The perfect version of a chair is one in which for fills its purpose e. . to be comfortable and to be sat on. Plato believed that everything had a perfect Form, from objects much(prenominal) as pens and books to things such as beauty and justice. He believed that to experience the world of Forms we had to become perfect philosophers. Plato introduced the doctrine of analogy of the cave to try and illustrate that human being live and only understand a region of shadows. Within t his explanation Plato used many objects as symbols or metaphors to describe the true meaning of forms, for example, the fair weather is seen as the Form of Good.Plato describes the world of Forms as unchanging in the fact that everything that has yet to be invented in the world of senses already exists in the world of Forms as its perfect version. Plato also believes that that qualitys, such as truth, beauty and justice, all have a universal mankind, a reality of their own and Plato believes that we have an ingrained knowledge of their true Forms. They act ad s cause, source, or necessary, a primary condition for the existence of secondary objects (such as chairs) and actions in the world. To what extent is it true to say that the Forms teach us nothing near the real world?

Books Are Best Friends Essay

Introduction Book is our real and best friend. It gives us knowledge and pleasure. It is the of import element of education. Our worldly friend may give us but book never gives us. Kinds there argon different kinds and different sizes of books in the world. They are the books of story, books of drama, books of poem, books of novel, books of fashion and design, books of religion, books of cooking, books of entertainment, books of accounting, books of philosophy, books of science and technology, books of computer and books of Bengali and face literature etc.Some books are published in printing paper and some books are published in internet. Books that stomach be read in internet is called e-book. Today it is very popular. Thousands of tribe acquire knowledge of different branches from e-book. Importance The importance of book beggars description. Book is our spectacular adviser. Because, when we face every trouble, book stands by us to help us. A person never feels al single in t he social club of books. It spreads us knowledge. It develops our mind and awakens our conscience. We become nomad without the touch of book.It is a store house of knowledge. It is actually a terrific gift to human. In a word, it helps us in many ways. It guides us when we become confused. It helps us in decision making. When we remain lonely, it educates, entertains and serves us like a great companion. When we are in sorrow, book consoles us. It helps us in the spread of our progressive views. It broadens our outlook and widens our interest. It enriches the human thoughts. We can know about the life and application of the famous person through books.We become inspired to be famous in life training books. Book helps us to remove illiteracy and poverty. It removes the darkness of ignorance. It removes or sufferings. A good book sharpens our intellect. It get light among the people and make them fond of knowledge. We can know the unknown through reading books. We can know about the remote place of the world through books. We can know the lifestyle and gloss of different countries of the world through reading books. InspirationBook is not only a great source of knowledge and entertainment but also it inspires us to do good for the betterment of the friendship as well as for the country. We intend to do better something reading the biographies of great men of the world. It is one of the great sources of knowing the noble deeds of the great people of the world. Conclusion In the end, it can be said that we become nomad if we do not read book. It is our best friend and teacher. It gives us complete life. It gives us comfort in life. It removes our loneliness. We should always read book.

Functions of Management Essay

The following will entangle the four major functions of management in a wellness care setting, how these functions apply to managing others, definitive roles for health care manager and leader in the diversified health care industry and the most of import aspect related to health care management that I would like to gain by fetching this class. The four major functions of management in a health care setting are organizing, planning, unconditional and leading. The four functions mentioned all transaction hand in hand when managing others or while being managed. all(prenominal) manager is expected to be a leader of their incision and make sure that patients involve are being met. A leader has to be well organized within the department to accomplish things as checking in patients, calling patients to remind them of upcoming procedures and appointments, referrals, and insurance authorization, paper work needs to be well organized to make sure that everything is done in order an d correct.Organizing make it light-colored for changing of shifts between employees. Planning comes in to play when schedules are mapped out to make sure that plentiful health care workers are present for each days work load. It as well serve well to plan around a physician surgery schedule and so forth. Controlling helps the manager to donjon focus on work performance which in turn helps to build relationships with employees and patients due to the active contact. star(p) in management is very important and the responsibility is more.A leader is responsible for training, department meetings, work schedule and goals to be accomplished each day without compromising the care for each patient. Planning plays an important role for a health care manager and leader in a diversified health care industry, without planning ahead it puts a health care facility at risk of non being able to perform above and beyond for their patients health care needs. concord to Harvard business In add ition to negotiating the day-to-day demands of a busy and complex organization, healthcare executives must also be able to evaluate and understand the impact of alternative care delivery models.

Describe how political, legal and social factors are impacting upon the business activities of the selected organisations and their stakeholders Essay

Describe how political, legal and social fixingss argon bear uponing upon the stage melody make upivities of the selected organisations and their stakeholders. TescoIn both told the telephone circuit in the acres corresponding Britain, they have to have this in instinct that on that point argon changes that argon taking quad in the bloodline environment and to the wad who peradventure the sh beholders. These changes poop be the political, legal, and the social factors with the stock environment and the country. Political factors of Tesco as a retail and a large billet in Britain. Political factors are the decisions that are made by the politicians who have got all the powers to run the country and control over bulk and their phone line. The political factors have got three different take aims that serve well oneself to run the nation, country and tradees. The national levelThese levels consider is all some the political parties that protect the peniss of t he fan tan in the general elections. There is a party that is cosmos led by the prime see who appoints the ministers in charge of the key areas of the disposal e.g. Health of the deal in the country, education, and also the industry which could be the disdaines in the country to ease up trusted they are running smoothly. The international levelBritain is a member of the European Union (EU). This level has got responsibility to make political decisions that growing the offspring whatever decisions that make within the members of the states. The local levelThis level consists of councils that are representatives of the population of the other throng and make decisions about the local issues on behalf of the other local members. The local level has got all the muckle who sustain to dress power for the people who are living in the particular area by providing protections to the people who are living area the council. These political decisions involve making choices that affect large numbers game of people and their crinklees. The decisions that are made by the politicians are making laws that result tend to spare or give take a chance to some groups at the expense of others.Some of the decisions that hobo be made maybe a favour the business ilk Tesco when the law is made / decided that e truly business bequeath not be paying any taxes with whatever they are doing. That piece of ass be favour for the shareholders will be earning a lot from their business. But some decisions that are made sometimes may restrain business, e.g. when taxes of the business is raised(a) this will be some of the down fall of the small businesses beca put on the shareholders wont be acquiring profits from what they have started in the business. The business will not be providing good services to the people who are the customers so their wishings wont be satisfied. These political factors have got some impacts factors to the business Political stability some time s, the political stability favours the business. Within this political stability the political factor level that is used is the national level.This political level will find the way to put its plans into satisfy that the people will have to fellow. The plans at the national level are made public to everyone to come it and they dirty dog be of good help to business planning. Tesco as a business can be able to use the government plans to identify the likely changes and how their plans that are made at nation level affect them in their business. This provides business with a degree of faith in whatever they are doing for the side by side(p) few years for the business that has just been setup. Sometimes is political stability different leadership can be an effect to the business and the people in the country. This is when the elections are being taken in place and the president you heavy(a) before changed to another persons which means all the rules and regulations that run the coun try or the business will have to change and that can be a bad issue to the people you are heading or the business you will be managing.This is all like having confidence in your business as a shareholder. if the education level is high in the area on that point will be more skilled pop offers and this will leads to high income. High income means demands for goods and services will increase. Taxation this term means the money that each business pays on each product and that the business sale. The taxes are levied by the national government like with type of taxes called the income tax and the local government which may deal with the business rates with the products they are selling to the customers. Taxation has a very important point to the government because it helps it to raise revenue and also enables it to discourage umteen a(prenominal) activities that the business do and encourage others by lowing the rates of taxes so that they can be able to start up. These are some o f the characters of taxes that business useCorporation taxThis type of tax deals with taxes on the profits that are made by the companies like energy companies. Income taxThis type of tax is all about the income the people who are self engaged like the sole plowrs and other people who conk income like the employees in the business like the people working in the Tesco. National insuranceThis is the essential tax that is being paying(a) for pensions like sickness, and slothful benefits. This is given to the people who may have left their places of work for important reasons, like may be age, serious sickness and other things. VAT (value added tax)This type of tax is that tax that is added to the products that are needed and required by the business. So for example if Tesco needs a product from any business outside it, the terms it apostrophizes will be added on by the Tesco business to get it and thats called the vat. So its always on retail goods that are being bought and i nto the business. Customs dutyThis is the type of tax that is paid by the business on the imports and the exports of the goods and services. The imports of Tesco as a business will be the goods that are not made and no produced by them. The exports will be the goods that Tesco will be made by the business themselves and they are living the out of the business to other country or to other business that not produce them. The government will have more powers to increase taxes on some of the goods that are change by the business like cigarettes these are harmful things to human beings. They can because of diseases to people like lung cancer so the government will be fighting against the production of cigarettes by increasing the taxes on it so that peoples health can be better for them.The government can also make an increase of taxes on the fuel that is being used by cars and machines. The reason of this can be that numerous fuel oils are making smelly gases causing pollution and th at can be bad effect to the people lives. Tesco has all both affects of peoples lives the cigarettes and fuel oil selling and so if the government is making tax increase on them the business will see taxes as high cost that takes and uses a lot of its profit from what they had planned for as business shareholders. Government provides direct support to special(prenominal) types of business and specific activities in two different from grants and loans. A grant is that money that the government gives to a business and its not repaid.The main reason why the government provides this is because some business natural action supports the government policy. The example here is that the government may give grants to employees to go and train others about business and the money that they have given out is not repaid clog up. The government also gives out loans to business on a specific purpose.The government loans are of interest rates whereby you borrow money from the banks and pay it bac k at an interest rate of more money rate you got it for. Government decision to join the European Union because the businesses in this country have got good things and bad things that can be of good help to other countries and their businesses. This is a good thing because trading can be freely without being supercharged for so in that respect can be free importing and exporting of goods to and from the country. An impact on that can be that businesses have to be more competitive with other business if they want to have trade with the European Union business. This can lead the businesses to produce more and sell more at an low-cost price so that they can get free trade market with others. Social factorDemographics The increase of peoples population in the country or area. This is like the number of people ever-changing from the percentage of 90 to an increase of 100% increase of population in the place. Businesses sell more products and the shareholders get more profits. Due to th e increase of customers, on that point will be high demand of products from the customers. More people in the area will lead to more setting up of new business whether bulky or small businesses from other people. Households and familyHelps the business to know the peoples expenditure on how they spend since there many people living alone in house. Education All business needs to employ people who have got better education skills on high level for particular job. This can be of help to both the business and the person him/her self. If there was good education in maybe Peckham at Harris there will be more people who will move to Peckham and so the business near or around will get more customers in the business. Attitudes to workAttitudes at the place of work guess on the different ways people in the business like the employees act ways and doings to the customers. If its in the bad way them the business will lose customers and so the businesses will not have money. People with ri ght attitudes will be more productive. E.g. Foreigners who are prepared to work hard may be chosen over the local people. ReligionsReligion can be a wide factor to the business simply because there many people who are living in the area, many people have got different religions believes that they follow for the best of the religion towards the lord. I will give an example here of Muslims are have got different believes towards the business like all Muslims in the world do not eat pork as its part of their religion, they also dont drink alcohol or even smoke, so all of this can affect the business that can that can be in the area of there are only Muslims around that place so if your business is selling one of the mentions things above you are most likely to het loses from them all since you not getting any customers.Another religion maybe Christian, there people dont work on Sundays the reason being that is they also have to go to their place of worship so there is no need for them to go to work. This can affect the business because there will be no people helping in the store to serve the customers so therefore you need to do the job by yourself or ether close the shop on Sundays . EthicsThis in the business are the values principals that run the business, these ethics affect the business through the fair trade in the business this is more like some business should offer fair price to their customers. This money can be used to save people in Africa. In the business like Tesco all the people who secure products like buying a biscuit at 50p and in the other shops the same biscuit is at 40p which means the shop that is selling the biscuit at 5op is having fair trade to help the other people and poor people in Africa. Environment the business have to use resources well and minimising waste, some of the business wastes that can affect the environment and the bags that are been used in the business for the customers package. Business should make sure that they tr eat the customers very well attitude to young-begetting(prenominal) and female role. Attitude to male and female.In the past years, male use to work and the female used to stayed home to baby ride the children, except this time and year both the genders are now working and there more numbers of charr working that the man, women tend to be more attractive at their place of work than the woman Changes in structuresIn the UK, the highest numbers of people living in the country are the old. This is a impact to the business, if there more people in the country and they old people there will be more business springing up to care for the needs of the old people like transportation them in cars from home to their place of care, many of the old people will be an impact for the pharmacies and health centres, which will need to expand into many places Indore to meet the needs of old people department on the population. sound factorsConsumer laws and regulationsThis is the act where the bus iness like Tesco has got all the powers to make its consumers to be happy and taking responsibility of the business. This act has all the business to satisfy the customers quality which will means that all the goods that the consumers buys are meeting there satisfaction so they are happy with the business component part them as their customers. Tesco has to make sure that all the goods it selling to the consumers is fit for purpose. the like if you as the consumers you buying something from the business like you asked for an x box 360 but instead of the staff in the business giving you the right thing that you asked for they give you something else which maybe injure that can be fit for purpose so the business has to be so careful with that when serving their customers. Employment lawEmployees are also protected at their places of work and the employers according to the component of calling protection. Before the employees are asking for the job in any place of work in the busin ess they should all have their personal details that can describe them when asking for the job to help the employers? Like they should have their forms with their full names, job tittle, hours they would be happy with in working, holiday pay entitlement all that is needed by the employers to know what you would really want when you are in the business (Tesco).The time of work like what time they should be coming at the work place and the time they will be deviation to get a proper rest to get ready for the next day. This can help the employees because it can really give them time to spend with their families like their children at home or even termination out with their fellow staff members. Wage regulations, this concedes with the employees payment in terms of the money they are being paid for the job that they are doing. They should know how much salary they are getting hourly or monthly which can be done on time because it has to be of good help to them when they need it. Compe tition lawIn the business environment there are laws that run how the business should manage with each other in terms of what they selling or doing. Law against the preventive business practices to sign competition. This is like there are more than two shareholders agreeing over making the decisions of making prices on the goods that they are selling in their business.This can be controlled by measuring or looking at the issue forth of the product you bought how it was sold to you so that you can get it in the business so looking at the price you were sold make a decision on more than the price you as the shareholders you got it and wherefore make the sell price in your business. In the business to manage the competition with other business all the goods that are sold in the business have to be so showy to the customers so its so more different from the other business that sell the same thing as your business like Tesco its main competitors is asda, Sainsbury that are selling the same things so Tesco has to make its goods more affordable and provide good customer services to its consumers to win the other competition from the other businesses. ConclusionThe result of the political abstract shows that the country is politically stable. But traditional values are still very important and need to be taken into account. If TESCO decides to expand, it must be aware that it is only allowed employing local workers. Also, the cheap local fund borrowing has the benefit over taxes and the good infrastructure is to be seen positively.In attachment to that, the analyses showed that they are all people in the business and the outside the business and minded towards foreign operated supermarkets. The analysis of social factors shows that they are all about the living things like considering the services that are in the business and to the people how they are living like education, families, health and population in the country or in the particular .The high living s tandards in the country area advantageous for TESCO as they allow people to spend a large amount of their income on groceries that they are selling.