My Observation On Early Childhood Essay - 899 Words

Early childhood I choose to complete my observation on a three year old boy. His name is Brayden and he was born 01/12/12. He is on the younger side of this observation. The observation was completed at his home and in his yard. Some of the objects we used where a ball, cups, a bowl, water, MM candies, crayons, coloring books and play-doh. Being that Brayden is at a very active age, I started with the calmer task first. Therefore, I observed his socio-emotional development first. Brayden goes to daycare 1-2 days a week. The rest of the days he is with his mom or grandmother. I was able to observe Brayden playing with another child his age at his home. He appears to play well interacting with the other child. Sharing seems to be difficult at times for him. I then asked Brayden several questions about girls and boys. At this age, I would think he really does not know the true differences between girls and boys. When I asked him what a girl looks like he responded with, â€Å"like mom my†. Then when asked what a boy looked like he responded with, â€Å"like daddy and me†. He could not describe any specific characteristics of a boy or girl. When I asked about their hair, he went off into his own conversation about hair not related to boy or girl characteristics. I also noticed his use of the words such as him, his, he, she and her are not always at appropriate times. I asked Brayden, what can boys and girls do equally? Brayden responded with, â€Å"a boy can flip and a girl can flip†.Show MoreRelatedA Pleasurable And Educational Preschool Observation1271 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ A Pleasurable and Educational Preschool Observation: Option E I observed a 4 year old preschool class during playtime in Staten Island, New York. The class consisted of eight children, and one certified preschool teacher. There were 4 boys and 4 girls in the class. 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Base on the experiences with my two and three years-old kids (OsanaRead MoreMiddle Childhood Observation Essay681 Words   |  3 PagesFor my middle childhood observation I chose a 10 year old female by the name of Mycah Landry. Just to give you a bit of a background, Mycah attends a magnet school and makes straight A’s. She is a very smart young girl. We will start off by comparing Mycah’s physical development to that of Berger’s in the text. As documented in the text â€Å"Unlike infants or adolescents, school-age children’s growth is slow and steady. Self-care is e asy –from brushing their new adult teeth to dressing themselves, fromRead MoreEarly Childhood Education1635 Words   |  7 Pages Early Childhood Education What kinds of activities have you used to provide the YOUNG children (preschool) with whom you have worked with the opportunity to solve problems of different kinds? I use puzzles often. Matching games are also effective. 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During the observation, Maison’s entire family was home.Read MoreWhat Are The 3 And Their Meanings?1402 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Becoming recognises the process and significant change that children develop through in the early years. Children’s identities, knowledge, understandings, capacities, skills, and relationships begin to change during childhood as they learn and grow (DEEWR, 2009). Personal Professional Reflection: How can young children fully and actively participate in society? As children develop through the early years they begin to actively participate in society through various events and experiences that

Medicine Was Religion A Holistic Approach Into Our...

â€Å"Medicine was religion. Religion was society. Society was medicine† (Fadiman, 1997). To the Hmong’s, this is a way of life. Everything in their culture is interrelated and represents a holistic view. As Americans, we try to incorporate the holistic approach into our health care system, but heavily rely on medications and science to treat illness. Arthur Kelinman developed the explanatory model of illness which incorporates a series of questions that is unique to a patient’s illness to develop a treatment plan. This model assesses how patient illnesses are associated with the environment and the culture around them, while also â€Å"seeking the how, why, what, when, where, and what next of illness, disease, and health experience† (â€Å"Explanatory Model†). Asking the patient their opinion on what caused their illness and how they think it should be treated will help identify their beliefs and help when planning an intervention. According to Li a’s parents, they believe that Lia’s soul was taken by a dab in a different realm after her sister slammed a door. In Hmong culture, having seizures is associated with having honor and the power to heal. Her parents believed that she should be treated by her culture’s holistic remedies, which includes animal scarifies, multiple herbs, and rituals. By taking Lia to the hospital, they believed American medicine was the cause of her deterioration. They reacted by not following certain instruction from the medical team and also did not haveShow MoreRelatedThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down968 Words   |  4 PagesResponse to The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down â€Å"Medicine was religion. Religion was society. Society was medicine† (Fadiman, 1997). To the Hmong’s, this is a way of life. Everything in their culture is interrelated and represents a holistic view. 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Different cultures have different values and beliefs of health, disease, illness, birth, and death;Read MoreHeritage1432 Words   |  6 PagesHeritage Assessment: Linking Heritage to Health Tricia Wharton Grand Canyon University: 429V August 23rd 2015 Heritage Assessment: Assessing Culture and Health The care needs of patients continue to change, as the United States population becomes more diverse. Nurses will be required to be more knowledgeable and respectful of the differences in cultural and religious beliefs as this diversity continues. The American Nurses Association (ANA) states, â€Å"knowledge of cultural diversity is vitalRead MoreOur Love For Shah Rukh Khan751 Words   |  4 PagesWhile our bus crept away from Kolkata, the vibrant sounds of rickshaw horns, street vendors, and tourists faded as we approached our destination, a small building entitled â€Å"Prem Nivas: Leprosy Center.† Sitting on that bus, with one year of medical school experience, I felt unprepared to assist in the center’s clinic. However, as I peered around at the internists on the bus with me, their sense of calm was contagious. I took a deep breath, and stood up, not knowing I would leave here to follow theirRead MoreNative American Religion : Medicine And Spiritual Healing1694 Wor ds   |  7 PagesErika Lenis-Abril REL-337 5/10/2015 Native American Religion: Medicine and Spiritual Healing Native American traditional medicine and spiritual healing rituals go back for thousands of years, these traditions often focus on different variations of alternative medicine. This knowledge is passed on throughout generations, many of the tribes learn that by mixing natural plants such as herbs and roots they can make remedies with healing properties. It is believed that being healthy is when peopleRead MoreThe Responsibility Of Health Care For Our Patients As A Whole Body, Mind And Spirit1194 Words   |  5 PagesI believe it is the responsibility of health care professionals to care for our patients as a whole - body, mind and spirit. The United States (U.S.) is becoming progressively more diverse. Nurses play a major role in health care and can be the key to decreasing and eliminating these disparities (Haynes, 2016). Therefore, it is important the approach to be culturally and spiritually sensitive. The place that I chose to observe was a waiting room in a hospital in Flori da. As I looked around I couldRead MoreU.s. Health Systems And Perspectives1601 Words   |  7 Pages HEA 201 Health Systems and Perspectives Midterm Exam Directions Carefully read and respond to each question. Please complete your responses using complete sentences. Your responses will be evaluated on the basis of content accuracy, clarity, correct usage of the English language, and demonstrated evidence of critical analysis. Each question is valued at 5 points. Total Possible Points = 100 1. What are 6 basic characteristics that differentiate the U.S. health care delivery systemRead MoreThe Importance Of Nursing For Their Patient s Spiritual Needs Essay1891 Words   |  8 Pagesdo need spiritual care, nurses have a unique opportunity to minister to the needs of their patients. Nurses also may find themselves in a position that calls for them to minister to the family and friends of their patients. There are differing opinions of how nurses should care for their patient’s spiritual needs. I will discuss why nursing should include spirituality in their efforts to delivering holistic care to their patients. Keywords: Nurses, Spirituality, Religion, Holistic, Transcendence,Read MoreThe Historical Development of Nursing1308 Words   |  6 Pagesbetter care. The earliest nurses did not attend nursing school; they were often women who provided care for the poor, sick or homeless without family support. 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Huck Budd Douglass Essay Example For Students

Huck Budd Douglass Essay The world in which we live in now is much less oppressive than say the world lived in the middle of the 1800s. Up until the Civil War, the South depended on their peculiar institution of slavery, in order to be productive a successful. Most people believed slavery was not wrong, but those who thought otherwise seldom tried to alter it. In general if surrounded by oppressive environment, one does not usually try to make a difference in that world.This is because people are afraid to defend what is right against a whole mass of people who believe otherwise. Huck Finn in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Billy Budd in Billy Budd, and Frederick Douglass in his autobiography all portray individuals who because of their good, innocent qualities go up against the oppression in their society. Living in an oppressive society does not always draw you to do the wrong thing you are still capable of generating change, whether it be for a certain individual or against a whole mass of people. Billy Budd starts off on the ship the Rights of Man, Melville obviously showing his intent in the naming of the first ship. This shows that on this ship where Billy wanted to be and chose to be he had rights. That he and the other crew had choices of what to do and how to be. Then along comes the British navy and decides that they are going to take Billy aboard their ship Power of War. This is when Billy is brought into an oppressive society. This is the navy and wartime during which rules must be followed as well as a lifestyle that must be followed. Billy is a poor innocent boy with a childish stutter. This stutter shows Billys humane side, a flaw, as well as leading you to the thinking that he has the innocence of a child. This stutter is connected to innocence because of its childish qualities. When most children begin speaking they have some sort of stutter, which usually goes away. The stutter parallels innocence because it is showing that you are just learning how to talk and dont really comprehend the correct way to make sounds, as you grow older you learn and the stutter disappears. Like innocence you are born with it, but as you grow older you usually are not portrayed as innocent any longer. Billy is like the premature kid who still has both his stutter and his innocence. Billy is introduced to many people aboard his new ship and is confronted by John Claggart. In this movie Claggart is the one who Billy must actually go up against. Being in an oppressive society and Claggart being the master Billy is forced to listen to Claggart. Although he tries to avoid him he is nevertheless confronted by him. Claggart and Billy are totally opposite in character. Claggart is an evil man who is out to get Billy whereas Billy is a sweet innocent young man who tries to help others. It is these two opposite traits that eventually lead to the death of both of these men. Billy tries to avoid Claggart because he has heard of his evil and does not want to deal with it. It is until he hears of Claggarts accusations that he is involved in a mutiny that he confronts him leading to the deathblow, which Billy delivers to Claggart. Captain Vere now holds a court to determine Billys consequences.Captain Vere is torn here between doing the right thing morally and doing the right thing legally, and in the end he realizes he has sworn to uphold the law and does just that. .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 , .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 .postImageUrl , .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 , .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5:hover , .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5:visited , .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5:active { border:0!important; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5:active , .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5 .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uea91f087bab6aabdad5447dde8b2e1e5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Paradise Lost By Milton Essay Billy did indeed kill a higher officer and according to the laws must be sentenced death. On the other hand, Billy was sticking up for himself. Captain Veres legal side wins the battle; Billy is condemned and hanged. Billys hanging meant a lot. It tore the officers among themselves, most saying Billy was justified in his actions therefore should not be punished to the extent of death. This makes a difference in the whole issue of oppression aboard this ship. We now know that the officers,

Luscios Imagery free essay sample

Analysis by Usama Ehsan The poem An Apple-Gathering by Christina Rossetti because is powerful and moving. This poem is about the narrator, who, after plucking blossoms from the apple tree, is surprised to find no apples there. The first quartet shows the narrator, probably because they looked pretty, plucked pink blossoms from my apple and wore them all evening in my hair. She appeared disappointed and perplexed that there were no apples there in the due season. Like many of Rossettis poems, a theme of betrayed love or unfulfilment of love is seen in this poem. She watches all her female friends walk by with full baskets, with neighbours mocking her because of her empty basket. The full baskets are teasing her like a jeer. This is an example of pathetic fallacy. However, other friends are helped by a stronger hand than hers, like Gertrude. The narrator believes that the love of a man is more important to her than just about anything, including song and the rosiest apples. We will write a custom essay sample on Luscios Imagery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The lines A voice talked with her thro the shadows cool, more sweet to me than song and I counted rosiest apples on the earth more sweet to me than song demonstrate these ideas. At the poems conclusion, she loitered, and, symbolising her tears, the dews fell. Her tears fell, as the latest person said when they passed her, the night grew chill and she was alone. This poem has an ABAB rhyming scheme, Alliteration is also used in several lines of the poem. In plucked pink blossoms from my apple tree, the short and sharp p sound gives the impression of actually plucking the blossom from the tree. Sweet voiced they sang beneath the sunset sky is an example of sibilance. The soft s showing a soft, happy line also, the people in that line (Lilian and Lilias) are together, which is the narrators view of happiness. Overall, An Apple-Gathering by Christina Rossetti is a poem dealing with a young womans past rejection in love at the beginning of the poem, she picks the apple blossoms instead of leaving them on the tree to bloom. Therefore, instead of leaving them to become apples and for her former lover Willie to help her carry them, she is left to walk home empty-handed and embarrassed. Goblin Market Rossetti is making an incredibly strong statment here. She was a devout Anglican, and in this poem, she portrays Lizzie as a Christ figure, and Laura as Eve, whom it was thought to be the reason for sin in the world (though the bible blames it on Adam as well. ) She is taking a very radical stance with the homoerotic nature of this poem, and says that females have strong appetites but must learn to not give into temptation. The homoerotic bonds between the sisters are also a strong statement for Victorian times, as men are thought to have had to do everything for women. Rossetti demonstrates her stance against this chivalry by barely mentioning male roles in the poem. n Christina Rossettis long narrative poem, Goblin Market, two sisters are tempted by evil goblin merchants who haunt the woods and allure maidens with sumptuous fruits, the traditional symbol of temptation in the Bible. Christina Rossetti clearly intended the fruit of the goblin merchants to symbolize the forbidden fruit in the biblical story when Laura asks Lizzie if she has tasted for my sake the fruit forbidden. Christina Rossettis use of meaningful religious symbolism contrasts with Dante Gabriels tendency to take up traditionally religious symbols but leave them vague and empty of meaning. Goblin Market, one of Christinas most sexual poems, contains numerous analogies to sexual appetites, but it is unclear whether she was aware of these sexual innuendos. As her desire for sensuous fulfillment becomes more intense, Laura takes on the characteristics of a beast, recalling the fate o f many lustful figures in Dantes Inferno: (Laura) Then sat up in a passionate yearning, And gnashed her teeth for balked desire, and wept As if her heart would break. The character of Laura closely parallels the figure of the She-Wolf which represents excessive desire: her nature is so squalid, so malicious / that she can never sate her greedy will; / When she has fed, shes hungrier than ever (Inferno, I, 97-99). When humans are dominated by their emotions and sensations, they are reduced to the animal level and lose their capacity for freedom. Such errant desire unchecked by reason or the will of God resulted in the fall of man (Paradiso, XXIV, 103). Whereas Laura succumbs to the Gobins seduction, her sister Lizzie remains firmly resistant. Fearing for her sister who has started to physically waste away, Lizzie heroically braves the temptations of the goblins and exposes herself to their abuse in order save her sisters life: Though the goblins cuffed and caught her, Coaxed and fought her, Bullied and besought her, Scratched her, pinched her black as ink, Kicked and knocked her, Mauled and mocked her, Lizzie uttered not a word; Would not open lip from lip Lest they should cram a mouthful in. In this scene, the goblins violently taunt and torment Lizzie, but she never wavers in her resistance. Rossetti paints a picture of female resistance that is passive and silent unlike Song in which the woman actually talks back. Lizzie can be viewed as a self-sacrificing martyr figure who suffers in order to save her sisters life. Although the poem ends on a feminist note, calling for female bonds and sisterhood, Lizzie cannot be simply characterized as a strong female heroine, because she passively endures the goblin brothers transgressions of her body. Visual imagery and depictions of women in Christina Rossettis Goblin Market Exploding with luscious imagery, Christina Rossettis Goblin Market basically contains both passages that convey narrative details — but nonetheless include visual information — and passages that vividly create the mood of a scene almost entirely by means of rich visual descriptions. The latter passages represent distinct pauses in the progression of the poem, allowing the reader to rest in a moment and absorb the details that the author describes. These portions provide appealing imagery presented in language that heightens its effect. Thus, as descriptions of objects tempt the minds eye, similarly alluring language draws the reader in, increasing the momentum of the poem even as the narrative action has halted. After succumbing to the goblin brothers fruit, Laura describes the pleasures of the forbidden delicacies to her sister Lizzie, who has resisted the temptation. Have done with sorrow; Ill bring you plums to-morrow Fresh on their mother twigs, Cherries worth getting; You cannot think what figs My teeth have met in, What melons, icy-cold Piled on a dish of gold Too huge for me to hold,

The Good War essays

The Good War essays The Good War, An Oral History of World War II, by Studs Turkel, is a compiliation of multiple accounts from servivors, on their personal experiences of the war. Each person with a differnt storie to tell; allowing for a very vivid description of the war, from various differnt perspectives, and points of view. In General, those who where not against the war from the beginning, found that the war had a significant and usually, suprisingly positive effect on them, and the rest of their lives. For the most part, those who went off to war, after the war, came back with a positeive outlook. Most of the American solders atlest, beleived that the war was either a major turning point in their life, was an exiting adventure, or tought them some kind of moral lesson that they carried with them throughout the rest of their life. What I find ironic is the fact that despite all the death and carnage that they were forced to view, that the majority of them were able to come back and say that it was the best experience of their lives, or that they wouldnt trade their war experience, for any thing in the world. I find it strange that a war can be one of the greatest things to happen to one in his/her lifetime. In contrast to that, young men who did not go off to the war, either becuase they were concientious objecters, or becuase of other reasons, had a negative view on the war. They believed that the war was wrong going in, and believed it was wrong when it was over. However, I dont believe that they can honestly say that it would have been best to have allowed Hitler to create his own empire at the expense of others, Just in order to prevent war. Yes, war is not a pretty thing, but at some point, it becomes inevidably inavoidable. Which brings me to my next point. Why did Studds Turkel choose to name this book The Good War? What Makes any war a Good War? Despite the fact that war itself is a hor...

Lemurs

Lemurs Lemurs Madagascar is the fourth largest island. It is home to main different species of lemurs. They live in the dry woodlands and deserts. Lemurs have fox like faces and ring like tails. Twelve million people live in Madagascar and most of them are poor. Lemurs are threatened largely because their habitats are being destroyed. People in Madagascar cut down the rainforests and forests for wood and so they are able to farm. Deforestation is still threatening their survival today. Lemurs were named by early Europeans because of their shining eyes.Some characteristics that make lemurs primates are that they live in trees. Also primates have strong hands with long fingers and opposable thumbs that can grasp branches. Primate arms can move freely around the shoulder joint. This movement enables primates to swing from hand to hand while climbing. The eyes are positioned in the front of the face, allowing the primate to judge distances accurately.English: Ring-Tailed Lemurs at the Oakland Z oo.Primates have complex social behaviors and take very good care of their young for a long time after birth.Ring-tailed lemurs hold strong ground in southwest Madagascar. They are the size of a cat and have a highly developed sense of smell. These lemurs inhabit all the levels of the forest. Once an infant is three or four months old, they ride on their mother's back. Ring-tailed lemurs have the agility to climb trees. They have a distinctive shriek. Ring-tailed lemurs live in social groups, which include six males, eight females, four juveniles, and four babies. They have a scent gland on their wrists and chest thus they can mark where they have been.The sportive lemur has seven different species. It earned its name because when it is threatened, it puts its hands up like a boxer. These lemurs live on the...

The role of mean variance analysis in the area of portfolio management Essay

The role of mean variance analysis in the area of portfolio management - Essay Example It is therefore computed as the Variance of the returns: Var(R) = [R-E(R)]2 However, the importance of means and variances of assets are far more apparent in the construction and management of an investment portfolio. Essentially an investment portfolio is best understood simply as a combination of individual assets/investments that are held together by the investor at any point in time. But, the importance of risks and returns of individual assets is limited to the significance it has for the risk and return of the entire portfolio (Linter, 1965). It is how the portfolio performs that is the primary concern for the investor. Presumably, due to the additive property of means, the returns from the portfolio equal a simple weighted average of the returns on the individual securities that constitute the portfolio. We can calculate expected returns from a portfolio of investments as functions of probable returns from the portfolio given the probability distributional properties of the re turns or alternatively as weighted averages of expected returns of the individual returns. The weights on the expected returns for are simply the shares of wealth invested in each asset as a proportion of the total wealth invested on the portfolio (Markowitz, 1952). The variance of the portfolio however is less than the weighed average of the variances of the individual investments provided the returns to these investments are not independent, i.e., their correlation is not zero. Since the objective of creating a portfolio is to minimize risks through combining assets with correlated returns, the variance of the portfolio typically is smaller than the weighted average of the individual investment variances. The implication of this outcome is that risk can be lowered for any given return by diversifying the portfolio since the variance of the total portfolio includes additional covariance terms and more negatively related assets imply a smaller value for this term (Sharpe, 1964). For a portfolio with more than 2 assets, the portfolio risk is captured by the variance-covariance matrix of the returns of the portfolio. The investor’s problem is to maximize the expected returns from a portfolio for a given level of risk or alternatively minimizing the risk subject to a given expected portfolio return. This can be reformulated as a problem of choosing the weights on the individual assets to minimize the variance of the portfolio for a given expected return. The set of weights that ensure this comprises the efficient set. Theories of optimal portfolio selection are concerned with constructing the most optimal set of weights for individual assets that ensure maximal returns or minimize risk. Thus, the formulation is that of a constrained optimization problem where either the mean returns of the portfolio are the objective function and the variance serves as the constraint or vice-versa. Here in lies the importance of Mean-Variance analysis for portfolio managem ent. However, Mean-Variance analysis of portfolio management has the following drawbacks: Prudent investors may be concerned with more than just the mean and the variance of the distribution of returns. The mean and the variance are the first two moments of any distribution and if the returns of the portfolio follow a normal distribution, then it is fully characterized by just the first two mom

Starbucks's finacial analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Starbucks's finacial analysis - Essay Example The cost of equity is calculated by the formula: Ce = Rf + (Em-Rf)*b, where The cost of debt of Starbucks is very low as the company has the vision to attain minimum debt. The amount of debt raised by Starbucks is very low. Due to the tax shield, the cost of debt of Starbucks is very low. The tax rate of Starbucks is 32.8%. The cost of equity and the cost of debt of Starbucks are multiplied respectively to the respective proportions of the debt and equity. The weighted cost of debt and weighted cost of equity are added to find the weighted average cost of capital (Yahoo finance, 2013). The weighted average cost of capital of Starbucks is 11.14%. The earnings before interest and taxes of Starbucks are about 15.7% of the total revenue in 2012. The earnings before interest and tax are the net earnings after operation before interest and taxes are paid (Baker and  Powell, 2009). The increase in EBIT over the last three years is depicted in the table given below. The FCF for Starbucks has been calculated below with the help of formula: Net Earnings before paying interest and tax * (1- tax rate) + Amortization and Depreciation – Net change in working capital – Capital Expenditure. The depreciation and amortization expense of the company consists of the expenses written off by the loss of valuation of its assets due to usage and part of the expenses due to repayment of the loans consisting of principal and interest payments. The depreciation and amortization of the company has increased by 5.56% from 2011 to 2012. The working capital of Starbucks is determined as the net of the current assets after meeting the current liabilities of the company to run its daily operations. The working capital of Starbucks has changed over the years which could be indicated by the trend of change in working capital over the years (Khan, 2004). The compounded annual growth rate

Political Science Essay Example for Free

Political Science Essay P olitical science refers to the social science in relation with political institutions and with the principles and conduct of government. This means that political science is about studying the norms of the society and the government. In political science, you need to know what the society needs, how the government id functioning, how the government execute laws, how they render authority to the people, how the government is built, and many more. It is also the study of the state wherein you ought to know the condition and the capacity of the people and the nation that you authorize. It also includes the study of politics wherein you are required to observe how the people vote for their leaders, how the election is done, or has to be done, how the politicians campaign, and how they do politics in such way that they will be elected. Political science is a study of human and political behavior, all aspects of politics that contributed to the society. It analyzes the political systems that the government is carrying out. Political science converges with other fields like: * Economics, the science of production, distribution and the consumption of mankind and/or services, * Sociology, the study of development, origin, organizations and the functioning of human society, * Law, the regulations that needs to established in a society by the authority or the elected government officials, * Anthropology, the science of human and how they work, it deals with the physical and cultural development, characteristics and beliefs of the society, * Public administration, the fulfillment of public policies, * National politics, * International relations, dealing with the other nations, * Comparative politics. * Political organizations, * Political theories that have been observed throughout the exercises that the government have made and many more. There are three sub disciplines which together establish the field of political science: political philosophy, international relations, and comparative politics. Political philosophy is the study of such topics as politics, liberty, justice rights, laws, and enforcement of rules by the authority. It also observes the facts on how the government is made to be legitimate, the makings of the constitution, the rights and freedom of the humankind, how they should be all protected, the duties of the citizens and the rulers. International relations deal with the connection between nations. It studies the roles of the state, the inter-governmental organizations, international nongovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations and multinational corporations. It also analyzes and formulates foreign policies on particular states or countries. Comparative politics is the study of comparison and teaching different types of the constitution. It is actually the method that applies to study politics. Political science is all about the government. All the things that has to happen and will be happening in the future is the study of political science. It uses methods and techniques to compare and study the different inquiries like the primary sources of an historical documents and records. But what is government? Government is a ruler body of a nation, state, or community. It is consist of rulers like the law-makers or legislators, and administrations. It refers to the larger system by which any state is organized. There are also different types of government, depending on each state or attributes, like the following: a. Government with Aristarchic attributes are ruled by the best people in the society might be elite, or some educated citizen. The following are different terms of government with aristarchic attributes: * Aristocracy – a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the principal persons of the state. Comes from the word aristocrat, means the ruler of this government is an elite person. The ruler may be from different lines of descendant, not just only one. * Geniocracy is a form of government which was first proposed by Rael (leader of International Raelian Movement) which advises to use intelligence as criteria for regional governance. * Kratocracy – is a form of government ruled by a strong person who seized power among its society. * Meritocracy – is a form of government wherein the effectuation of the progress is based upon the intellectual talent of a group. * Technocracy – is a form of government where in professionals or experts in technology are appointed to rule and would be in control of decision making for the society. b. Governments with Autocratic attributes are ruled by dictators. The following are the forms of government with Autocratic attributes: * Authoritarian is a form of government wherein it is characterized by submission to authority as well as its admission. * Autocracy – is a system of government in which the ruling of the society is in the hands of one person. His decisions may be subjected to neither external legal restraint nor regularized mechanisms of popular control. This is a government where in one ruler has unlimited power. * Despotism – is a form of government wherein the supremacy is through threats of punishments and violence. It doesn’t require for a single leader, it may be ruled by a group, not like autocracy. * Fascism – is a form of government focuses on nationalism. The rulers may do things illegal which doesn’t relate to patriotism. It recognizes the presence of class conflict and proposes a resolution to end the divisions of classes within the nation. * Totalitarian – is a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control. The state under totalitarianism regulates every realm of life. c. Governments with democratic attributes are ruled by the person who has been voted by the society thinking he is fit for governing the state. The following are the form of government with democratic attributes: * Democracy – is a form of government which uses the power of the people to vote for their leaders. It is a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens, might be elite or servants, who can elect people to represent them. * Direct democracy – is a form of government in which people represent themselves and selecting new laws directly. * Representative democracy – is a form of government in which people elects representatives to propose new rules and regulations, or new laws that is needed to be implemented in the society. It is also known as a republic. It is an element of parliamentary and presidential system in the government. Usually, the head of the state is a president. * Social democracy – is a form of government wherein it focuses on the citizens social rights. It speaks of the public services like education, medical care, workers rights, employees compensations, child and elderly care, and many more. It considers itself to be form of reformist democratic socialism. d. Governments with monarchic attributes are ruled by a king or a queen who have inherited their position from their ancestors. The following are the forms of government with monarchic attributes: * Absolute monarchy – is a form of government wherein the monarch utilizes supreme governing authority as the head of the government. It uses total power over the land and its citizens. * Constitutional monarchy – is a form of government wherein the ruler is the monarch (a nations ruler by hereditary right), but his powers are limited because the government has constitution to follow. * Elective monarchy – is a form of government in which the monarchy is elected, not the traditional way in which the ruler is from a hereditary monarchy. * Emirate – is the domain controlled by an emir. Emir is an independent ruler of the Muslim state * Monarchy – is a form of government in which a monarch, who inherited the authority from their family, embodies the sovereignty. e.Governments with oligarchic attributes are ruled by a very influential person. * Bureaucracy – is a form of government with non-elective government officials. It is consists of many bureaus and administrators. The government administrators are the ones who decide on the legislature or the democratically-elected representation of the state. * Ergatocracy – is a form of government in which the ruler is a proletariat. Proletariat is a social class comprising those who do manual labor and wages. Most of them are rebel and activists that controls the society and create an alternative economy for the people. * Kritarchy – is a form of government wherein the ruler is the judge. * Netocracy – is a form of government ruled by social connections. * Oligarchy – is a form of government ruled by a few people. These groups of people have the same interest. They can be identified by their royalty, financial conditions, professions, family ties, corporate or military control. * Plutocracy – is a form of government ruled by the wealthy people. Any form of governments that are listed here can be in a form of plutocracy if the rulers are all rich. * Stratocracy – is a form of government in which people with military service can govern the state or the society. * Timocracy – is a form of government ruled by honorable citizens of the society. * Theocracy – is a form of government or a political unit governed by a deity or by officials thought to be divinely guided. f. Governments with pejorative attributes are ruled by groups or forms of other governments. The following are the forms of government with pejorative attribute: * Bankocracy – is a form of government wherein the system of the governance is influenced by banks on public policy-making. * Corporatocracy – is a form of government wherein it is ruled by the corporation and the economics and political system is controlled by businessmen or business firms. * Nepotocracy – is a system of governance in which the power is given to a family member, mostly to the nephew. * Kakistocracy – is a form of government wherein the least qualified citizens are the rulers of the society. This type of government resulted in a uniformly stupid society barren of intellectual governance. * Kleptocracy (mafia state) – is a form of government wherein the system of governance are ruled by thieves and corrupts. * Ochlocracy – is a form of government ruled by the public. g. Governments with speculative attributes are as follows: * Magocracy – is a form of government wherein the highest and main authority might be a magician or wizard, sorcerer, or witch. * Uniocracy – is a form of government wherein the government is ruled by the singularity or the uniqueness of all human minds. h. Governments with socio-economic attributes are political systems experiencing movements in power. The following are the forms of the government with socio-economic attributes: * Capitalism – capitalists economy are the people who owns their own business privately * Communism – communist societies wherein people own corporate businesses like farms. * Feudalism – is a system of land ownerships, reforms, and duties. * Socialism – these are government who provides education, welfare, and medical support * Welfare state – is a system of governance wherein they focus on giving the citizens of the society the education, medical services, and the protection of their social well-being that they need. As these different forms of government shows, political science is the study of government states and other political systems. It includes the studies of political ideology, economy, philosophy, the norms of politics, and analysis. Political science is very broad; it has so many subfields and subsidiaries. The government in the study of political science depends on the culture and the constitution of every society. http://en. m. wikipedia. org/wiki/Political_science http://en. m. wikipedia. org/wiki/Government https://www. apsanet. orgLcontent_9181. cfm http://www. bartleby. com/60/192. html.

Avatars Will Replace Faces And Profiles :: Internet Net World Wide Web Media

I never thought when I started blogging that I would receive over fifty thousand views from one website alone. That is a big compliment for an old guy that lives in Brooklyn. I guess whatever I have to say must be stimulating. The lack of comments that I and most other male writers receive is not a sign of poor writing only a sign that women are not interested in a mans individuality or creative ability. I have seen many extremely boring and frivolous articles written by women receive over fifteen compliments. It is obvious that they are coming from lady friends that haven?t the talent to say anything more than ?Very Interesting?. Or ?I love it?. Most websites are dominated by groups of women that support one another. They are called ?Communities? by their directors. I call them ?Cabalas?. Fortunately I can gain popularity without joining any of them. The thousands of views I have received shows that I can stand alone. If I needed the support of groupies to be read, it would be t ime for me to stop writing and go fishing. I would like to remedy the situation and give the floor to those writers that really have something interesting to say but that is impossible. Popularity of the writer not the quality of what is written has always been the rule. A successful writer has to cater to the crowd. If a person chooses to read articles only by writers in their ethnic group nobody can interfere with their choice. Not all people are groupies and many of them are very fair. Their individuality deserves my respect. There is no way to appreciate or understand an article better than when it is written by an author who is represented by an avatar. Without a clue to the identity of the writer the reader is forced to pass judgment only on what is written. This poses no problem for a person that possesses the ability to analyze what is read. But for the groupie an article that does not identify the author creates a state of terror for them, because they must know the identity of the writer. Some groupies only feel comfortable reading an article written by a certain gender. Others demand to know the religion or racial group of the author before reading the article. These groupies by their practice censor the independent writer who attempts to approach a subject fairly.

The Effects Of Scientific Discoveries And Darwin’s Theories To Thomas Hardy’s: “Hap”

The poem will be interpreted that the agony of the writer will diminish only if he will identify someone who is the source of all the agony that he suffered. He was looking for somebody to blame for his shortcomings, agonies, pains, and suffering (Davidson). The presence of somebody in existence will be beneficial to him so that he can blame and point to it all the antagonism shaped by all the pain that he experience (â€Å"Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)†). But frustrations set in for him.He was unable to find out somebody that existed to blame after (â€Å"Hap†). He was not able to prove that there is someone that controlled all the possibilities that happened to his life. Later on, he only said that all was a product of unplanned possibilities. Just like he was only tripped. Accidental possibility is liable for his agony was the focus of the poem and there is no scientific reason behind everything that is happening to one’s life. Just like Jesus Christ, he exists in the minds of many people but his biological proof is not yet clear.The church created him as super natural being but in fact he never existed. Centuries had passed but no one can justify that he indeed existed. It was all a product of stories that was passed through generations. Stories that later on became factual in the beliefs of people. It is only a myth that had eventually developed like a principle or a law that is unbreakable through time. A principle or a law that can be acceptable even we are already in the information age.This mindset is opposite to the idea of biological theory that all things came from something, evolved and develop through time. And not just a single possibility that we keep on believing although we know that it is not true. Darwin’s Theory was a product of science that is more believable than legends (â€Å"Charles Darwin†). It is a result of biological evolution with scientific basis. Scientific basis that is more reliable than methodolo gical or logical basis.

Toll Roads

One day my mother an I were driving to one of my football games. When we were about to arrive there was a little toll booth that read, â€Å"Two Dollars†. We couldn’t find any money so we decided to run it. The fine was fifty dollars. I believe we should take out toll roads because they can cause a lot of conflict with people. One reason why we should take out toll roads is because they can cause traffic. People have jobs and may have to take toll roads to get to them.Say a man is looking for money in his wallet, it may take a while and hold up people behind him. Many people will be late for work and may lose their jobs. Another reason why is because thousands of people in California are unemployed. Usually toll roads are two dollars, but it can vary. People don’t have much money do be paying for toll roads especially if you have to use one daily. You can buy a card but that leads to my next reason.If someone is leaving their house in a hurry they can forget thei r wallet which would either contain money or their toll pass. When they reach the toll road they would probably have to run it. Then they get a fine. This can cause much conflict with people. Many people may say that people work hard on the roads and they get a satisfying drive. But if you don’t have money or forget your toll pass then you’ll be in trouble. I believe that we should take out toll roads.

College Summit The Joys of Surprise and Making a Difference (and Even the Travails of a Norovirus)

College Summit The Joys of Surprise and Making a Difference (and Even the Travails of a Norovirus) I recently heard Anthony Robbins say that as long as you have your attention on other people, and as long as you are making a difference for others, there is no way you can possibly be depressed. He is so right. This past week, despite contracting a norovirus that gave me serious gastrointestinal distress as well as flu-like symptoms, I was in as good a mood as I’ve been in in a long time. Why? I was making a difference for a group of low-income high school students at College Summit, a national program that supports young leaders to create a culture where kids go to college. I’m like a proud mother when it comes to the small group of four â€Å"peer leaders† I worked with in Berkeley. Every one of them surprised me in their own way. Let me kvell just a little (names are changed for confidentiality)! Keylon Keylon wrote his first two â€Å"free writing† exercises about topics like his relationships with girls and how he was going to find one that would make him be the man he wants to be. I feared he was bland and would not identify a relevant topic for his college admissions essay. On a break, however, he shared his real story- a story about abuse and how he turned to destructive behaviors and friends to compensate for his pain. It was also the story of how he changed direction, in part through a music program that saved his life. Keylon’s story surprised me when it came forth, and so did how industrious and focused a student he was. When I gave him questions to answer in writing, he sat down and didn’t stop until he was done. And when it came time to edit his essay, he was able to devise seamless transitions where they had been missing, and to cut out excess words without my even pointing out the spots where he could do so. Keylon says he wants to be a singer, and perhaps he will succeed. But I wouldn’t be surprised if he finds his stride as an editor! Keylon was also a great sport when we got realistic with him about his college choices. His top choices were out of his reach, and he needed to consider community college options. He adjusted course without protest or external upset. We could all learn a thing or two from this young man about acceptance and adaptation. Jaquon Jaquon had a sweetness to him and a clear, passionate life purpose under his non-plussed attitude. On the first day, he slumped down in his chair, hood over head, clearly not 100% enthusiastic about being asked to write †¦ anything. His first free write was not about much, and I had to remind him multiple times over the 10-minute time period to keep writing. Initially he would not volunteer to answer a question and would only participate if I called on him directly (though he always had something great to say when I did). Jacquon’s second free write was the big surprise. A saxophone player, he hit on the theme of music, and I’m telling you, it was pure poetry. He called music a â€Å"20-20 all access path†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and spoke about his purpose in life being to connect with people off all cultures through his gift. This goal was not just a pipe dream; Jacquon has already performed both in concert halls and on the street in the U.S. and abroad. Jacquon mentioned in his essay that he gets nervous when playing only because he is afraid people won’t connect with his music. When I asked him what it would be like for him if they didn’t connect with his music, his answer popped out: â€Å"It would be like I don’t exist.† An excerpt: â€Å"[I] put my all into every breath, note and melodic phrase so that whoever hears that will feel my passion, my struggle, my story, and my dreams.† That’s a man with a life purpose. A purpose, when not fulfilled, that makes him feel like he doesn’t exist. If only every one of us had one so clear. Rodrigo Rodrigo was my volleyball captain. He was a meticulous, methodical worker who edited himself as he wrote. The core story that emerged from Rodrigo’s free writes was about his father, who recently started working as a janitor in Rodrigo’s school. Although Rodrigo had weathered various insults as a volleyball captain for being short and young, he had a thick skin- until the insults started being aimed toward his father. Rodrigo wrote about how his father had taught him to stay positive and not judge others, and how ultimately he used what his father had taught him to rise above his anger toward his insulting classmates. Another thing that came out of Rodrigo’s writing was that he liked to make up words and had a penchant for metaphor. In one of his last drafts, his creativity emerged in a surprise conclusion: â€Å"I’m like a volleyball. You may kick me, push me around, hit me, or abandon me, but in the end I’m still persevering and surviving the ugliest actions against me.† Talisha Eager to participate and answer questions, Talisha was fast out of the gate but as the writing process went on, she somehow found a way to look like she was working when she really was spinning her wheels. I gave her what I thought were clear questions and instructions and she would nod and put her pen to paper, but 10 minutes later she would not have made progress. In my mind, we finally reached a growth point when Talisha realized that growing up as the middle of two sisters and taking care of both of them gave her management skills that have helped her in her production design projects at school. I’m not sure I’ll ever see the essay she writes on this topic though, since she only saw this connection for herself literally at the last hour. Really the biggest surprise from Talisha was what she told me at the end of the program: that I helped her learn things about herself that she might never have known- not just on the last day, but from the time we started doing free writing exercises. And all that time I thought she was refusing to let me make a difference for her. Brenda As I mentioned, there was a norovirus that went around and knocked out almost every one of the writing coaches in the program for some period of time. I barely made it through my part of the Saturday night banquet presentations- but it was worth it to hear Rodrigo say in front of the entire program, â€Å"Your joyous, encouraging, and gentle nature brought us to fully understand how and what to write †¦ [and] created a bond within our group that will never be forgotten. I will definitely not forget the experience I had with these motivated leaders from the East Bay. And I will be back next year.

Trilogy Standards

Trilogy Standards The Trilogy StandardsAbstractThe changes to the trilogy standards which comprise of AASB 1018 'Statement of Financial Performance", AASB 1034, "Financial Report Presentations and Disclosures" and AASB 1040 "Statement of Financial Position" created confusion within the accounting profession and business community. The changes were designed for the purposes of international harmonisation and for a paradigm of change away from the profit and loss approach. Many of the issues that arose are being addressed by Exposure Drafts and a emphasis on making the disclosures relevant and reliable is a key issue for the profession. This assignment covers the changes that took place, it looks at the response to the changes and is supported by evidence resulting from a study of the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) and Ernst and Young (EY). The relevance and reliability issue as in the Statement of Accounting Concepts (SAC) 3: has created debate over whether the trilogy standards meet such requirements.Graphique du bilan de la Wikimedia Foundation / Gr...The overall concern is eliminating the misinterpretation and confusion caused so the financial information is both relevant and reliable.IntroductionThe current AASB 1018 'Statement of Financial Performance" was issued in October 1999, along with two other presentation and disclosure standards, AASB 1034, "Financial Report Presentations and Disclosures" and AASB 1040 "Statement of Financial Position". These three standards became generally known as "the trilogy" and were first pertinent for 30 June 2001 year-ends. The introduction of the trilogy was the largest change to the presentation of financial reports in Australia in recent times with the balance sheet and profit and loss account being replaced with a Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Financial Performance. The two main reasons behind the change are the international harmonisation program and the move towards a balance-sheet emphasis. After the first year of...

Electronic Surveillance of Employees Research Paper

Electronic Surveillance of Employees - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that to keep personal confidential information of a person intact and should not be disclosed to any other irrelevant person shall come under the purview of Privacy. The disclosure of such information may cause emotional distress to a person whose information is kept in confidence. In order to monitor the activities of a person or place to detect discreet activities through electronic devices like cameras, video cameras, tape recorders, microphones, and wiretaps come under the category of surveillance through electronic means. The identified instruments can be utilized in a competent court of law as evidence against violators. Multinational Corporations and corporations of repute use electronic surveillance system to ensure foolproof security and safety within their administrative jurisdiction. An employee can expect privacy at least in those places where hidden cameras or microphones are not fitted such as kitchen, dining room, washroom, s moking corner or petty stationary stores. Employees should know what is permissible and what is not permissible for them in accordance with employer’s privacy policy. Initially, the employer and the employee must have signed the document of the privacy policy to be complied in letter and spirit by the stakeholders. In fact, the employee has given the liberty or the rights to monitor his/her activities whether his/her activities are purely professional or personal. Non-compliance with privacy policy surely invites the displeasure of the management. In the United States of America, Electronic Communication Privacy Act (ECPA) 1986 has given the rights to the employers to monitor job-related conversations of its employees. By virtue of this act, employers enjoy complete freedom to listen incoming and outgoing calls. It hardly takes a minute or two to decide whether the calls so received or dispatched are personal or job related. With this freedom employer can measure the employee ’s sincerity and integrity with the company besides his/her professional competence. The prerogative to differentiate the incoming and outgoing calls of employees still lies with the employer and not with the employee (Lyon, 1994). 2- In this modern age and time, one cannot deny the benefits of technological advancement to prevent any unpleasant situation. By dint of computer technology, it is easy to monitor the activities of any employee by the employer at his/her workplace even at a remote location. Many of the employers allow their employees to have an access on the social sites of Internet. To keep the company environment friendly, the employer should provide space at work place for a chat where one can not disturb him or their conversation may not come out of the space to invite others attention (Mishra & Crampton, 1998). This will definitely improve the performance of a company since unnecessary strictness on the employees may have an adverse impact on their job relate d activities. We cannot deny the fact that â€Å"Happy laborers work more†.  

The decline of women's rights in the Muslim world Essay

The decline of women's rights in the Muslim world - Essay Example Certainly, the world has seen the latter of the two in the news more than the predominantly peaceful observers of the religion. One of the most questionable practices of Islam is the requiring of women to cover their bodies head to toe as to not attract a man’s attention, thus causing him to break one of Allah’s laws. This practice is most usually not just done to behave in a religiously moral manner, but has actually become mandatory by law in many Islamic countries. Women who do not practice this tradition are often punished harshly. Similarly, the Islamic forms of government enforce the death penalty on women who have, in their eyes, committed adultery. The punishment for this can include the horrific and agonizing practice of being stoned to death. With this, the extremists of Islam who have managed to reform governments into Islamic practices and enforcement with a desire to make an example of anyone who contradicts the Islamic way and its government. The government-supported Islamic regimes do not allow for any sort of deviation or differing opinion in regards to faith. Today, marriage within the Islamic faith is solidified by a contract. Though the marriage contract stipulates the need for an exchange of good treatment between a husband and wife, the governments which make Islamic principle law allow for few rights of woman and total right to men. It is also not unheard of for a woman who has committed adultery to be sent away to what are known as ‘rape camps’. Within the past few years, groups like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, have declared rape a war crime and certainly the hosting of rape camps. One of the perks to being male and Islamic is the acceptance of polygamy. Men in Islam can have multiple wives, but the inverse is not true. Additionally, the Islamic faith encourages along the extremely

Nursing in a legal and ethical environment in Australia Essay - 1

Nursing in a legal and ethical environment in Australia - Essay Example This latter document also forms the basis of what the profession offers to the public, and thus also forms the basis of public expectations with regard to nursing services and how nurses are to conduct themselves in the course of their duties (South African Nursing Council, 2004). Looking at the two documents, one is able to piece together some of the key ethical considerations in nursing care in South Africa as being embodied in nursing responsibilities and duties as prescribed by the law, and as prescribed and monitored by the profession association. On the other hand, while it does this, it also goes back to fundamental principles that guide its ethical formulations, chief among them being South African conceptions of social justice, truthfulness, doing no harm, doing one’s best, being caring, being autonomous, and being giving and demonstrating genuine care. Its code of ethics is linked, moreover, to a set of fundamental values, chief among them the value of the life of a person, privacy, respect for others, right to care, truthfulness, and the maintenance of the integrity of the nursing profession (South African Nursing Council, 2013). On the other hand, there are views on nursing ethics in South Africa that go beyond the rules and law-based ethical considerations, and go deep into the culture to fish out ingrained ethical values relating to care and compassion for the sick. These are spirituality-based ethical considerations that are not strictly found in the rules-based Code of Ethics discussed above (Haegert, 2000). Meanwhile, the South African Ethics Code for Nursing also lists specific ethical dilemmas as also forming part of the primary ethical considerations that guide practice. They are included in the code of ethics by way of fleshing out what those are, recognizing the complex nature of the dilemmas, and providing avenues for discussing the merits of individual cases within the nursing community and with the critical supervision of the Sou th African Nursing Council. Some ethical dilemma situations listed include euthanasia, and the early ending of pregnancies (South African Nursing Council, 2013). II. Nursing Care- Key Ethical Considerations: Australia The foundation of nursing ethics in Australia are the fundamental human rights laws that are observed and followed, as well as additional legislation that are geared towards securing the well-being, health and security of the general population, as well as the community of health care professionals that administer care. Moreover, there are national accreditation schemes and national organizations in place that complement the work done by the National Boards, or the associations of professionals for the different professions within the health care field, including nursing, that formulate the key ethical constructs and the guidelines and codes of behavior that in essence implicitly determine what the ethics of care for nursing in Australia are. Those ethical consideratio ns flow from a concern for the rights of individuals and the observance of the laws relating to that. Moreover, the ethical considera

The Roles of a Citizen in a Democracy Essay Example for Free

The Roles of a Citizen in a Democracy Essay A Democracy is a type of government that is for the people to choose their leaders and to hold their leaders accountable for their policies and their conduct in office. The people are the ones who decide what they want and who they want to represent them, usually by a majority vote. But who exactly are these people? We refer to them as citizens of where ever they are from. We are citizens of the United States of America and we also live in a democracy. As citizens in a democracy we have many rights but also many duties that we have to fulfill such as to actively participate, to use nonviolent pressure to speak our opinions to the government and to follow laws but, to not follow unjust laws. One of the only ways a democracy can work is to have active participation from all the citizens. A reason this is especially important is when we are voting for a governor or president or even just a city mayor. If some people decide that they dont want to vote, then maybe next time some more people will decide not to vote and then next time even more people are not voting, soon enough there are only a few people holding all the votes. This is not what democracy is about. In a democracy, all the citizens are supposed to have a say in everything. When only a few people are voting and only a few people are getting there opinions across then its only a matter of time before they are the ones holding all the power and the citizens who did not say anything before will have no choice. This is why there needs to be active participation from all the citizens in a democracy. If a democracies officials are beginning to stray then it time for the citizens to use their nonviolent protests and actions. Nonviolent actions are simply ways to get your point across with out causing any harm. The Government is much bigger and more powerful than the citizens and if we tried to fight using gun power and other physical means then we would eventually get crushed by the overwhelming forces of the government. Martin Luther King, Jr. once said I must say to you that we have not made a single gain in civil rights without determined legal an d nonviolent pressure(letter from a Birmingham Jail, 1963). He was very true in a sense that nonviolent actions are what has peacefully brought us how far we are today. The government can sometimes become corrupt and it is our duty as a citizen to counter whatever the government is doing with our power of legal and nonviolent pressure. A citizen in a democracy must also follow the laws provided by their government but also they have to not follow the unjust laws. The government officials give laws in order to protect us from other people or even from ourselves. There may come a time however, that we will be handed a law that is very much unjust. How can we tell if a law is just or unjust? Martin Luther King, Jr., said Any law that uplifts human personality is just. Any law that degrades human personality is unjust.(letter from a Birmingham Jail, 1963). When the government put out the segregation statutes, people were saying it was a unjust way to treat other humans. It makes the segregator feel superior and the segregated feel inferior. The citizens decided not to stand this treatment so they began using nonviolent protests and petitions and eventually won out. This example shows that in a democracy it is the citizens voice that must come out and they are really the ones that will make it work. In a democracy a citizen must use nonviolent actions to show their opinions, follow just laws, and actively participate in the government. A democracy is a great way to run a group of people but it will really only work. Although some people say that a democracy is not the way to go, I would have to disagree and say that a democracy can and will work. The citizens in a democracy are really the ones that make it work. Without the citizens doing their responsibilities and using there rights then it will quickly turn into a place where the government controls everything and then they ways of a democracy are lost.

Coming out of My Heterophobia Closet Essay -- essays research papers

Coming out of â€Å"My Heterophobia† Closet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Growing up in a heterosexual world as a Lesbian who remained in many closets, has shape my identity and the way I will transact with people for the rest of my life. Upon coming out of closet, or being pushed out (by suspension from parents and friends) at the age of eighteen or nineteen I quickly assumed the bi-sexual title because it meant at least there was hope for me in the future. This proved to be worse for my self-esteem, and may have caused the most damage because even though I was free to come out, I was still afraid (somewhat) of taking the big leap and being totally ostracized by my friends and people I know. So I felt one million times worst trying to be bi-sexual than I ever did being heterosexual, I knew I was betraying myself before, but now it felt like the ultimate betrayal. During the next year or so I finally got the courage to come out as a full blown Lesbian, and life has never been better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I wanted to shave my head and start over fresh as a new person who has this fresh new identity because I wanted nothing to do with the heterosexual and bi-sexual life I had lived in the past; I was on a mission to prove I could be as gay as anyone else. That meant forsaking all straight clubs and hanging out with the straight friends that I had, cutting my hair and actively searching out other lesbians. I went to gay clubs and events and made new friends with total lesbians; I was ashamed of my straight background and even claimed to have been out of the closet for many years when in fact I had not been, I didn’t want to be a new be. I wanted to show my friends that if they couldn’t deal with me as a true lesbian, none changing, then I didn’t want them around me. I took this class because I wanted to know more about our history and try to put a face to gayness for others, an African American face, an educated face, a female face, but most of a ll a human face.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I found out that ninety five percent of the class is straight and homophobic for the most part, I was thrilled yet sadden (because I now had the opportunity to look them in the eye and have them call me all the names I would have been called had I possessed the courage to come out sooner) but mostly thrilled because it felt great being around more gay people, e... ...d the trip to Orlando with them, that in order for them to accept me, I would first need to accept them and give them a face for an African American Jewish Lesbian, who is very well educated and from a upper middle class family, who attended the best private schools and has not become a statistic in any way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’m happy I took this class, and actually am planning to get a certificate in Gay/Lesbian studies as soon as it is offered by the Women Studies Department. I never thought that people like Chris, Holly, Leah, Horacio and a couple like Suarmis and her boyfriend could change in six weeks what it took me years to build. I am not exempt from ignorance and acts of discrimination, the differences are I am willing to recognize them and make adjustments to my character, so that when I decide to raise children I do so unbiased. I will even try not to take the easy route by having only gay friends I will actually start communicating with the rest of the world, now that I don’t feel they are out to get me. Thank you for a class well taught and I wish you well in retirement. I wish I had the honor of studying under you in another class for another semester.

Southwest Airlines in 2010: Culture, Value, and Operation Practices

Coursework Header Sheet198322-169 | | Course| RESE1031: PPD3 – Thematic Independent St| Course School/Level| BU/UG| Coursework| Essay 1| Assessment Weight| 35. 00%| Tutor| N Stair| Submission Deadline| 14/12/2012| Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the student's own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the University's Regulations regarding Cheating and Plagiarism. | 000731054 Yezhou Liang Tutor's comments |Grade Awarded___________| For Office Use Only__________| Final Grade_________| Moderation required: yes/no| Tutor______________________| Date _______________| University of Greenwich TIS Essay 1 Advertising Industry Name: Yezhou Liang Tutor’s name: Nola Stair Submission data: 14/12/2012 Contents I. Introduction II. Definition, history of advertising * Definition * History III. Marketing and Advertisi ng * Marketing concept * The concept of Exchange * The concept of branding * The concept of added value IV. Advertising management * History of the advertising management * How advertising works * Method of advertising management V.Advertising strategy * Advertising planning and decision making * Advertising strategy content VI. Conclusion ; Summary VII. Reference Introduction Advertisement can be found everywhere in our daily life, such as at street, at bus station, at Internet, at TV etc. As long as there is business action, advertisement must be used. For example, Apple Company would make a number of advertisements in order to increase the attention before Apple company release new product. Although advertisement pays a significant role in our society, someone might do not recognize the advertising industry. This essay will focus on advertising industry.Advertising industry is a very popular project. Each year many graduate choose advertising industry to work on, and majority of high school students hope to research the project which relate to advertising industry in university. Some Famous stars and directors also take part in the industry. For instance, great director David Lynch made an advertisement for Dior in 2010. Because of a wide range of advertising industry, it is important that the advertising management and strategy. How manage advertising industry, how make a effective strategy, and what is the relationship between the advertising industry and marketing.These three questions are key point which the essays discuss. The first section of this essay will introduce to the definition and history of advertising. Next this essay will separately analyse to aforementioned three questions. The last section will give a short summary and conclusion to this essay. Definition and history of advertising Definition: In the past, there are a great numbers of definitions about advertising. Industry icon Leo Burnett defined it as â€Å"selling corn flakes to peo ple who are eating cheerio† (Bendinger B. 1993 P. 60). U. S president Calvin Coolidge called it â€Å"the life of trade† (Bradley, Daniels and Jones 1960, P. 3), and in a advertising textbook, Daniel starch (1923, P. 5) suggested â€Å"the simplest definition of advertising, and one that will probably meet the test of critical examination, is that advertising is selling in print† A more modern definition can be found in the American Heritage Dictionary (2000) â€Å" the activity of attracting public attention to a product or business, as by paid announcements in the print, broadcast, or electronic media. † Although many scholars have defined advertising, on comparing most of them, it can be summarized as these key points: broadcast, force and education.According to Printers’ Ink (1963, p. 20), he gives his own opinion to the 3key points â€Å"Advertising is one of the east expected and most productive results of the Constitution. By offering and in formation, advertising has helped to break down class barriers. By educating and persuading, advertising has been a major force in promoting public health. † Indeed, advertising create a new method which is mare fashion, rapid and direct to broadcast some product information, so that audience can easier accept product. Thee successful advertisement of IPhone is a good example.On the other aspect, advertising should take advantage of educate audience, such as antismoking advertising, protect the environment etc. History: Advertising application can be traced back to ancient times, it almost accompanied by the appearance of commodities. Early form of advertising were signs such as huckster, the inn sign, the red-and –white striped barber’s pole, the apothecary’s jar of coloured liquid and the wheel wright’s wheel etc. (Frank J. 1988, P. 1-2) In the ancient Egyptians and Greeks, there were number of huckster to sell slave and livestock by shouting some rhythmic advertisement, but it is doubtful that the ancient Egyptians and Greeks were insensible to the benefits of product promotion. The Romans certainly knew how to make a convincing sales pitch, and early example of advertising were found in the ruins of Pompeii, and the earliest store signboard originated in the ancient city of Pompeii. (Mark T. 2007, P. 10) In modern time, with the development of business, there were a variety of goods in the market. Thus, advertising have been used more and more broad, and advertising took a leap forward.Of course, with the appearance of the printing press and movable type – and invention generally credited to German former goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg in 1447. (Mark T. 2007, P. 10)Theophraste Renaudot, a French doctor, journalist and unlikely adman, created in1631 the first French newspaper to disseminate seeking and offering work, buying and selling goods information, and public announcements of all kinds more widely, which he calle d La Gazette. Thus he became the first French Journalist – and the inventor of the personal advertisement. Mark T. 2007, P. 10-11) In the United Kingdom, the first advertising agent was probably one William Tayler, who opened an office n London’s Warwick Square in 1786. The firm later became known as Tayler ; Newton, and it acted as an advertising sales representative for printers – several of whom had launched newspapers promote their trade. (Mark T. 2007, P. 11) To sum up, advertising have a long history, but the form were old and terrible effective in ancient. Advertising have developed rapidly since the mid – 15th century.At present, there are variety kinds of advertising form, and it has been an important dissemination tool, which become indispensability in our daily life. One of the purposes of advertising is disseminate product information. Therefore, researching the relationship between advertising and marketing is necessary. The following section will analyse what is the connection between both. Marketing and Advertising In modern society, a majority of goods compete to each other in the market, and advertising is undoubtedly the quickest and most effective dissemination form.Whether the goods has a high market share in fierce competition, which depend on successful advertising. Thus, marketing and advertising must have some internal connection. If the market marketing practice is still in development, however, some concept is very important and our knowledge of theses concepts as it is today: exchange, brand value, the marketing concept. All of these concepts have a great impact to advertising and the role of advertising marketing. Let's look briefly at each.Marketing concept: â€Å"Marketing is consumer – oriented, that is, it is planned and implemented to facilitate exchange between the buyer and seller on the basis of identified consumer wants and need. Note that the emphasis in modern marketing is on buyer â₠¬â€œ seller exchange and consumer satisfaction. To induce consumer to engage in exchange, markets develop a marketing mix – a combination of decisions about products price, distribution channels, and promotion. Advertising is an essential part of the promotion element of the marketing mix, which includes sales promotion, public relations, and personal selling. Dean M. K, Leonard N. R, S. Watson D, Arnold M. B, 1989, P. 11). In a word, marketing is seller products to consumers more effectively, and advertising is one of the methods of marketing. The concept of Exchange: â€Å"Marketing helps to create exchange, that is, the act of trading a desired product or service to receive something of value in return. The company makes a product and offers it for sale at a certain price; the customer gives money to the company to buy that product. Money is exchanged for goods. † (William W, Sandra M, John B, 1995, P. 2-33) How to make the customer recognized your products, and the y would like to use the money to buy your product, which depend on successful advertising to promote your product and show the detail of your product. If your advertising could attract customers, your products must popular in the market. So in the market exchange has two meanings, communication is particularly important in the advertising. In other words, people must understand it before they can buy or registered it or to the donation. So marketing is the practice of effective communication in order to be realized their products by customers.The concept of branding: â€Å"Branding is the process of creating a special meaning for a product, one that makes it distinctive in the marketplace and in its product category, just as your name makes you unique in your community. That special meaning, or brand image, is the result of communication, as well as your own personal experiences with the product. † (William W, Sandra M, John B, 1995, P. 33). In generally, customers prefer to buy some famous brand. For that reason, a famous brand is important when customers choose a product that they think necessary such as fashion items, cars, laptops etc.Because people always believe a theory: the more famous goods, the better quality of it. This is â€Å"Famous brand name effect†. A most striking feature of famous brand is that it has a wide influence around the world, and there is no doubt that advertising contribute to broad the influence. For example, Chanel is a famous fashion brand in the world, and Chanel No. 5 perfume is most classical. There have been many super stars to endorse this perfume since it was published in 1921, it include Marilyn Monroe, Nicole Kidman, Brad Pitt etc. they are all super star in at that time. This shows that Chanel Company invests much money to advertising.Thus the successes of Chanel No. 5 depend on advertising. The concept of added value: â€Å"The reason marketing and advertising activities are useful, both to consumers an d to marketers, is that they add value to a product. Added value means a marketing or advertising activity makes the product more valuable useful or appealing. Advertising not only can showcase the product’s value but it also may add value by making the product appear more desirable or more of a status symbol. Providing news and useful information of interest to consumers is another way that advertising adds value. † (William W, Sandra M, John B, 1995, P. 5-36). NIKE is a good example. They have a kind of products in their all products: NBA basketball star product. In NBA, a great number of basketball stars is the NIKE’s spokespeople. According to the star’s characteristic, achievement, and habits, NIKE company design and produce a series of product for the star, the product has a different logo and different technologies to another product, and these are more expensive than the others. One of most famous series is Jordan series, Kobe series and LeBron ser ies. These products have own special logo, such as Jordan series’ logo is an Air Man Michael Jordan.Furthermore, these products are more expensive than ordinary product about 30%. In China, the price of NIKE NBA star series shoes are 1200 Yuan or more, but these ordinary NIKE shoes is no more than 900 Yuan. The more than 300 Yuan gap is added value by advertising. Thus, advertising really can take added value for products. At above statement, the relationship of advertising and marketing was analyzed from the four concepts, and through some examples, it proves the correctness and feasibility of this proposal. Next section, the essay will continually analyze advertising management. Advertising managementAny industries cannot do without management, and advertising will be no exception. Advertising management belongs to the category of economic management. It based on some advertising management laws and some relevant policies to guide, supervise, coordinate and control to the a dvertising industry and advertising activities by the government, advertising industry associations and advertising community supervision. It make the advertising activity to adapt to the economic situation for the advertising industry development, make the advertising industry gradually from disorderly to orderly, from chaos to health.Advertising can play its proper role in this background. Firstly, the essay will shortly introduce to the history of advertising management History of the advertising management: Compared with the production of advertising, advertising management appears to be late so much. At the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the 19th century, the industrial revolution was outbroke in Britain, the United States and other west countries, and it led to the rapidly develop of economy. The prosperity of social economy and the development of industry and commerce created a good condition for the emergence of the advertising.However, due to without the right management system, there has been confusion and disorder in the competition of advertising, and it threaten the healthy economic development in some western countries. Therefore, after the 20th century, western governments set out to legislate for advertising and supervise to it. This is the beginning of modern advertising management. How advertising works: In order to better manage advertising, firstly, managers must know how advertising works. Advertising is a form of communication, it provide a variety of product information to consumers. â€Å"However, advertising is not a conversation.Most advertising is not as personal or as interactive as a conversation because it relies on mass communication, which is indirect and complex. † (William W, Sandra M, John B, 1995, P. 99) There is an advertising communication model, it can clearly reflect how to advertising works: Feedback Feedback Noise: Internal Perceived Needs Information Processing Attitudes and opinions Other N oise Noise: Internal Perceived Needs Information Processing Attitudes and opinions Other Noise Noise: External Public opinion Marketing strategy Competition Other noise Noise: External Public opinion Marketing strategy Competition Other noiseReceiver: Consumer reception and response Perceive Understand Feel Connect Believe Act Receiver: Consumer reception and response Perceive Understand Feel Connect Believe Act Media mix: Channels Media mix: Channels Message: Encoding (by agency) Message: Encoding (by agency) Source: Advertiser (Objectives) Source: Advertiser (Objectives) Advertising communication model (William W, Sandra M, John B, 1995, P. 100) According to the figure, it begins with a source which is provided by advertiser. The source information will be encoded a message by professional agency, and put it in some words and pictures.And then, the message is shown through the media mix, such as newspaper, poster, radio, TV etc. Through the media mix decode to the message, the sou rce information will be received to audiences. After that, audience give some feedback to assess the source information to advertiser. Noise is inevitable in the whole process, it includes internal noise and external noise. it can disturb and interrupt the encoding process and decoding process. Thus sometimes the message cannot be received completely by audience. Through analysing to how advertising works, we can deeply understand details of advertising management.Following, the essay will research the method of advertising management. Method of advertising management: Method of advertising management is a means which advertising management personnel perform the administrative functions in order to achieve the management goal. However, there is different method of advertising management in different country. Thus the essay will find a representative case to analyse method of advertising management. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is an institution which manages all advertising around the United States.Therefore, FTC has own the methods of advertising management, and these method can reduce to 5 key methods. â€Å"They are Substantiation, Affirmative disclosure, Cease—and—desist order, Consent order and Corrective advertising†. (William L. W, Dennis L. M &Michael B. M, 1984). Next the essay will separately analyze the five methods. Substantiation: FTC requires advertiser issued their certificate and provide some evidence for their description in advertising. This method is in order to save the evidence for all advertising, and conveniently provides this evidence to deceptive advertising.After the implementation of the method, a number of advertising had been cancelled because of cannot provide evidence for the false content in their advertising. For example, Borg-warner air conditioner advertising claims that their products are able to release clean and healthy air, but Borg-warner Company cannot provide the evidence for the clean and health y air. Thus their advertising is forbidden by FTC. Affirmative disclosure: FTC require the product which related to the safety and health in the ad, it is necessary to accurately show the characteristics of the product , the advertising also must expose its shortcomings and imitations , that is not only to advertise what the product can do , but also what it cannot do. â€Å"Amway Nutrilite† is a famous health care product in the world. In their products packaging, so many good information could be found on it, such as Nutrient content, function introduction etc. However, a warning also could be seemed: the product cannot replace any medicine. Cease—and—desist order: there is enough evidence to judge that advertising have deceived or misleading, FTC can release â€Å"Cease—and—desist order â€Å". Once the FTC come up with the application of this order to court, orders can be effective immediately.Advertisers can only be signed according to the r equirements, admit the illegal advertisements. Thus, this order can timely cancel the deceptive advertising. It replaces the multifarious legal procedure, and makes the market to keep the normal competition as soon as possible. Consent order: In order to supply a gap which is costing long time to find the evidence, as soon as possible stop to broadcast the false advertising, which the kind of product relate to physical and mental health with people, such as food, medicine and cosmetic.FTC can issued â€Å"Consent Order† in necessity, this judgment not specify why the advertising should be forbidden, and the advertisers also can write the signature to agreed to stop suspected advertising even though he do not admit his fault, . If advertisers continue to publish or broadcast the suspected advertising after he writes the signature, he will pay a great number of fines for it. Corrective advertising: FTC come up with the corrective advertising suggestion to misleading advertising which deeply impressed in consumers’ mind. It is in order to eliminate wrong impression.Although there are different methods of advertising management in the different country, they have the same purpose that they hope advertising industry healthier and healthier in the rapid development by these methods of advertising management. Next part, the essay will discuss advertising strategy. Advertising strategy Advertising strategy is that advertising publisher grasps the advertising decision in the macroscopic. Researching advertising strategy is necessary. Because it can improve the advertising effect, make the enterprise with the lowest costs to achieve the best marketing target.In modern society, market competition becomes more and more fierce, a company or product want to outstanding in the market environment, or beat the competitor in order to ensure development, almost connect with correct using the advertising strategy. A successful advertising strategy always includes an advertising planning and decision making. Following, this essay will analyse advertising planning and decision making. Advertising planning and decision making The major activities of advertising management are planning and decision making.In most instances, the advertising or brand manager will be involved in the development, implementation, and overall management of an advertising plan. A complete advertising plan reflects the results of the planning and decision – making process and the decisions that have been made in a particular product – market situation. (Rajeev B, John G. M, David A. A, 1995, P. 38) There is a figure of framework for advertising planning and decision making. Consumer / Market Analysis Competitive Analysis Consumer / Market Analysis Competitive Analysis Situation Analysis Situation AnalysisRole of Advertising, Sales Force, Price, Promotion, Public Relations Role of Advertising, Sales Force, Price, Promotion, Public Relations Marketing Program Marketing Program The Communications/Persuasion process The Communications/Persuasion process Objectives/Segmentation/Positioning Message Strategy and Tactics Media Strategy and Tactics Objectives/Segmentation/Positioning Message Strategy and Tactics Media Strategy and Tactics Advertising Plan Advertising Plan Facilitating Agencies Social and legal constraints Facilitating Agencies Social and legal constraints Implementation ImplementationFramework for advertising planning and decision making (Rajeev B, John G. M, David A. A, 1995, P. 38) According to the figure, advertising plan include three aspect: Objectives, Message Strategy and Tactics and Media Strategy and Tactics. Every advertisement plan will at least reflect planning, decision-making, and the three main components are connected each one. ‘Objective’ means choose a good target for advertising. Because advertising has wide influence, if the product has some problem, advertiser would have huge trouble. For examp le, in 2008, if you advertised for dairy industry in China, you must go bankrupt.In that time, Chinese dairy industry environment became quite terrible because of poison milk powder. But if you advertised for Olympic product ,you would make considerable money. â€Å"Message strategy and tactic is executional decisions, such as the choice of a spokesperson, the use of humour or fear or other tones, and the selection of particular copy, visuals, and layout. Media strategy concerns decisions on how many media dollars to spend on and advertising campaign; Media tactics comprise the decisions about which specific media or media vehicles to use. (Rajeev B, John G. M, David A. A, 1995, P. 50-51) Thus whether advertising planning and decision making is successful, it depend on the three aspects. Advertising strategy content In generally, the advertising strategy has the following components: 1. Strategic objectives – direct advertising campaign to reach target. 2. Performance strate gy – that is, to select the most effective performance point of view and the way. 3. Trademark strategy. In the advertising, a trademark publicity is often occupies an extremely important position.Because people buy life data, especially consumer goods, often only knowledge trademark. In the rapidly developing society, new advertising strategies are made continually. Modern advertising strategy can be divided into quantity strategy and quality strategy two aspects. The former focuses on the form, and the latter focuses on the content. 1. The quantity strategy: Mainly refers to the number of advertising themes and objectives, how much the screen image and text, advertising appear amount and frequency, etc. 2. Quality strategy: The object of advertising is the consumer.Only to obtain the trust of consumers, advertising is easy to achieve efficiency, honest, objective, and truthful advertising to attract consumers. The five strategies are usually to use in advertising industry. It is so popular in advertising industry, how to use it better is the key of success. Making advertising strategy should be based on the general demand of target market, and should carefully analyse and research products or enterprise information, market details, consumer information, and relevant data of environment.Based on these study and data to make multiple plans, and compare with each other much times. Only in this way, the correct, scientific, creative advertising strategy is able to be made. Conclusion & Summary The emergence of commodity trade has created advertising industry, and with the development of the business, advertising industry has becomes a complex industry, a successful advertising need several industries to cooperate, such as design industry, media industry and business etc. It appears everywhere in our daily life.In the essay, three main questions are analysed: what is the relationship between the marketing and advertising, advertising management and adverti sing strategy. From the analysis to three questions, we can see the development of advertising. Through research the relationship, people know the advertising industry become more and more influent in the marketing. Studying advertising management, citizens recognize that the advertising industry is more regular and healthier. Analysing the advertising strategy, advertising has a clear direction. These are performance of advertising developing.However, advertising industry has some problem in the process of rapid development, such as deceptive advertising. These problems might be solved through the new method of advertising management or new advertising strategy in the future. Advertising is never-ending pursuit to excellence. Just like a famous advertiser said: â€Å"There is no such thing as a permanent advertising success† (Leo Burnett, 1891—1971) In the modern society, there is a rat race in every industry, advertising industry is without exception. How to compete with each other in the industry and what strategies will be used in the competition.Thus advertising compete will be focus in the following essay. Reference: American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Ed. (2000), New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. Bendinger, Bruce (1993), Copy Work Shop Work Book, Chicago, IL: The Copy Workshop. Bradley, John P. , Leo F. Daniels, and Thomas C. Jones (1960), The International Dictionary of Thoughts, Chicago, IL: J. G. Ferguson Publishing Co. Dean M. Krugman, Leonard N. Reid, S. Watson Dumn & Arnold M. Barban(1989) Advertising Its Role in Modern Marketing. Florida: Harcourt Brace College Publisher.Mark Tungate(2007) Adland: A Global History of Advertising, London, Kogan Page Limited Rajeev Batra, John G. Myers, David A. Aaker(1995) Advertising management, Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall. Starch, Daniel (1923), Principles of Advertising, Chicago, IL: A. W. Shaw Company. William L. Wilkie, Dennis L. Mcneill, & Michael B. Mazis(1984) â €˜Marketing’s â€Å"Scarlet Letter†: The Theory and Practice of Corrective Advertising. ’ Journal of Marketing, Vol. 48 11-31 William Wells, Sandra Moriarty, John Burnett (1995) Advertising Principles and practice, Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.